Determining which divorced parent provides more support 2025 edition

I recognize this is an old topic, but this can be a nerve-racking question, and the replies on this page (after coming up with the same unhelpful answers repeated elsewhere) are mildly offensive. They seem to default to condemning anyone considering reporting the lower earning spouse.

For the record, some people are interested in this question for the purpose of being sure they are not acting fraudulently while still being unwilling to saddle their children with additional debt by following knee-jerk advice blindly insisting on the more expensive option, thereby needlessly burdening their children.

First off, if the government wanted to the rule to be that the provider is the parent who pays more, then that’s the rule they could have made… but they didn’t. Yet, they took a rather simple matter to calculate and made it much harder. These people had valid questions and introduced valid hypotheticals.

Time is an easily identifiable unit. Support is a nebulous concept which can’t even be pinned down to a single dictionary definition. Obviously, the idea is monetary and money can be broken into countable units just like time but valuation is not simple and may be impossible to pin down in some cases.

For instance, could somebody please explain how to answer this one in a situation where the parents have otherwise made a point of contributing as equally as possible? A lower earning parent lives in an expensive apartment rented across the street from a special needs child’s school for which the parent pays a premium over what they would otherwise pay and has the child over during school breaks, for and while waiting for pickup by the wealthier parent. The lower income parent also picks the child up for school everyday to bring the child to school regardless of whether it’s their day in a half-time split.

The higher earning parent lives in a much nicer house bought with appreciation earned due to having rolled the value of a previously owned home though a later jointly owned home and back separately held profit post-divorce, thus leaving that parent with more equity which was used to buy a home and avoid living in an apartment.

Which parent is providing more support? Is the nicer house more supporting than the nice, but less nice, apartment purposely rented at a premium to be across the street from the special needs child’s school (when the child’s circumstances make it far more likely the child will attend school more regularly with the apartment in that location?)

Honestly, one shouldn’t have to hire the equivalent of a tax attorney to value these kinds of things, but in the end, I imagine sources like the tax code actually do become controlling. This new rule is probably making more than one person worry unnecessarily trying to decide between unknowingly perjuring oneself and unknowingly and mistakenly saddling a child with additional debt.

Who exactly, is this rule change designed to be benefit? My only guess is more slightly poorer children from intact families will qualify for aid than before… meaning less children from broken homes will qualify. Which is of greater advantage to the children? A wealthier but broken family or a poorer intact family with two parents to share the job of loving and supporting the children in cooperative manner?

Changing the rule at the time they did which was already a time of uncertainty and loss for the children seems unfortunate. The nebulous nature of the new rule is equally unfortunate, causing stress to the parents and potentially leading to an unenviable choice between protecting one’s own future or their children’s future. Any change leading to a result of that nature represents a prima facie failure.

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You are making valid points, but FAFSA specifically says the contributor should be the parent who provides the most financial support…they did not include time. However, I expect some people have put a value on their time when calculating their level of financial support, and nothing says that’s wrong.

Congress did not provide a formula or give detailed guidance on how to determine who provides the most financial support. I don’t think it has to be complicated. Pick a method, be able to support it, and be done. No need for a tax attorney.

In the big picture, for schools that meet full need (which is a small subset of 4 year colleges), the vast majority require the CSS profile from both parents in divorce situations…they use the CSS, not FAFSA, to determine what the student can pay.

Nearly all schools that require FAFSA only don’t guarantee to meet full need for all students, and many of those don’t care/don’t use what a given applicant’s FAFSA SAI is when distributing financial aid. They merely grab any federal aid that FAFSA shows the student should receive, and apply it to their FA offer.

Students are limited to taking out $27K in undergrad loans, regardless who their FAFSA contributor is. Any loans beyond that will be on the parents directly or as cosigners. Each family’s situation is unique, but if a college’s costs would require more than the max student loan, it may make sense to find a less expensive college.

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@kelsmom

I am very sympathetic to the family in your example.

However, no macro level “system” is going to be completely fair for every single participant. Bill Gates gets social security just like the elderly widow down the block; I get a reduced fair on my commuting ticket because I’m eligible for Medicare and there is no “means testing” by the transit authority to show that I don’t need the subsidy.

In the case you cite- I’ll reckon the system was primarily set up for the “typical” divorced family, where the assets were mostly divided evenly but the long term incomes for the two parents are either even or clearly disparate. No gray area. Mom is a neurosurgeon, dad is a school librarian. Dad is a corporate litigator, mom is a social worker.

I’m going to guess that if the family in your example makes an educated guess as to who/when/what, it will NOT be challenged. And in the end- it likely doesn’t matter. Most kids in college in the US are at schools where it does not matter. The college doesn’t meet need, doesn’t care about need. Kid gets his Pell, kid gets the federal loans or not, may be eligible for work study. Done and done.

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In the big picture, the FAFSA changes were to funnel federal money to the most needy students/families. Because last year was such a mess with rolling out the new simplified FAFSA, I haven’t seen data if that was actually the case, but once things shake out I believe that will be true.

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The rules are the rules. Some will be fine with them, while others will take issue. But the bottom line is that everyone is expected to follow the rules. If a student is attending a school that meets need, the parent can argue the point with the school in hopes of getting additional money from the school (not the federal government) due to their situation. I’m not saying that more money will be given, I’m just saying that the school is the entity that will provide additional funds, if any, for a student over & above what the federal government will provide.

Thanks @tryingtobehonest for a refreshingly sympathetic and open minded response. Divorced parenting is not simple and FAFSA rules are fuzzy at best.

Who provides the most financial support? I’m sure that it can be determined without too much difficulty. The fact that the answer might not feel fair is irrelevant to the question.

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I beg to differ. This type of question is exactly the kind that pays for divorce lawyers’ boat payments …

Do the schools’ NPCs (net price calculators). No reason to get worked up if neither parent’s financial information results in adequate aid.

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maybe…but colleges generally couldn’t care less what a divorce decree says about paying for college. Meaning, colleges will decide if they want both parents’ financials or not and then many will calculate what the family can afford (others don’t do any calculation at all, rather they just provide some level of discount which doesn’t meet full need.)

Colleges don’t care who pays the bills, but someone has to.

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Exactly. Decree says dad pays for private school through HS graduation and then not a penny more. Dad pays for pricey summer camp, all vacation travel, orthodontist. No college expenses at all

Good for dad. College doesn’t care that the kid is in Cancun in December and Aspen in February in lieu of college expenses.

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It seems like if divorced parents are generally being cooperative about college costs, it might not be that difficult to determine who would complete the FAFSA and then how costs will be shared. The more challenging issue is when parents are not cooperating regarding completing financial aid forms and if one parent is refusing to contribute to college costs.

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And circumstances matter. Parents divorce with a 4 year old and a 2 year old. Nobody is worrying about college costs when there’s so much else to deal with. Fast forward 13 years… There are new spouses, step children, new children, someone had to move out of state for work requiring a revised custody and support agreement. Legal costs add up.

Now the parents are staring at the big numbers we are all familiar with and wondering " am I really on the hook for this?".

So yes… some families have more complications than others.

Very much so. You described our situation to some extent and there was nothing in the agreement about college, which ultimately meant all the costs were left to the kids and me. I can’t express enough how thankful I am that second kid ended up at a meets need school that didn’t require non-custodial information or cooperation. I know that’s extremely rare though.

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Thank you for bringing up such a thoughtful perspective. You’ve articulated the complexity of this issue really well. Navigating the new FAFSA custodial parent rule can be stressful—especially since “support” is a nebulous term without clear guidance.

When determining which parent provides more support, think beyond basics like housing and food. Consider the full 12 months of expenses—phone bills, insurance costs, healthcare, education, etc.

The best advice:

  1. Document all expenses each parent covers.

  2. Seek professional advice when it’s unclear.

We cover this topic in detail in our presentation: How Marital Status Impacts Aid. You can check it out here: College Confidential Monthly Fin Aid & Scholarship Webinar Series.

Most importantly, do what’s in your family’s best interest—not what benefits the college. A lot of online advice favors the schools, but your focus should be on what works best for your child and situation while staying within the boundaries of the law and rules.