<p>If the discriminant is positive, there are two real unequal roots. If it ALSO happens to be a perfect square, then these roots are rational.</p>
<p>If the discriminant is zero, there are “two” real, rational, and equal roots. So in a way, just one root.</p>
<p>If the discriminant is negative, there are two unequal imaginary roots which are conjugates of each other. The real parts will be rational. If the discriminant is the opposite of a perfect square, then the imaginary parts will also be rational.</p>