UVa is one of only two public universities in the US that meets 100% of proven need of US students. However, that aid is provided after offering federal loans and work study. If a family can show unusually high necessary expenses (such as high recurring medical expenses) or recently changed financial circumstances, I believe there is an appeal process.
People who live in locations with a very high of living are most likely to have difficulty affording the expected family contribution. That is because even basic housing in those areas are so expensive, that an upper middle income can still include insufficient funds for college.
Most colleges and universities make little attempt to meet 100% of proven need, except for the students that they really want (such as students with very high scores, recruited athletes, a few under-represented minorities, etc.). Those colleges frequently show huge gaps between aid, family contribution and total costs for most students. Those colleges typically tell parents to take out PLUS loans to make up the difference, which have some unpleasant terms and fees. Other colleges routinely reject many students if they think they will not be able to afford the cost.
There are plenty of other colleges that emphasize merit aid and will provide large tuition discounts to the typical student who is accepted to UVa.
I could not have afforded UVa’s out of state tuition without aid, especially when I had two kids in college at the same time. For my son, UVa’s financial aid offer was equal to several very rich private colleges where he was accepted.