Beth Simon bounds up the aisles of her cavernous classroom at the University of California San Diego, doing her best to keep the attention of 140 computer science students.</p>
<p>She has a lot to compete with. </p>
<p>About a third of the class listens while playing video games, writing e-mail and watching YouTube videos on their laptops. Some students check their cell phones for text messages. One sleeps in the back row.</p>
<p>But Simon battles back with her own high-tech arsenal and teaching strategy. She constantly quizzes students’ understanding of concepts using software she created to connect with their laptops and Web browsers. She keeps lectures short and asks lots of questions.</p>
<p>Simon’s class highlights how college is changing with the arrival of the Millennial Generation. </p>
<p>Sometimes called “Generation Y” or “Echo Boomers,” these young people are described by researchers who study them as individuals whose lives have been shaped by the Internet and the constant introduction of new electronic devices.</p>
<p>They are quick to integrate the latest technologies into the way they work, relax and socialize. Millennials relish the speed and mobility of text messaging. E-mail, they say, is “for old people.”</p>
<p>Professors find teaching this generation, born in the 1980s and early ‘90s, frustrating and exhilarating. It’s a challenge, they say, to adjust their teaching styles to meet students’ high expectations for multimedia components. But it’s rewarding to connect with more of them through technology.</p>
<p>Academics say it’s too early to know whether students are learning more through the varied formats of video, podcasts and the Internet. Students certainly are communicating more with professors, both in class and out, mostly online.</p>
<p>But that progress may be undercut by students’ compulsive multitasking.</p>
<p>Multitasking all the time</p>
<p>It’s midafternoon on a weekday and UCSD freshman Anjali Nigam sits in her dorm room talking on the phone with her grandmother, who lives in Las Vegas.</p>
<p>“Hi, Mum, yeah, what are you doing?” she asks as she organizes papers on her desk. “Mommy said you had a party yesterday. What games did you play?” </p>
<p>Still listening, Nigam pulls out her laptop, logs in and opens Facebook, a popular social networking Web site.</p>
<p>“The Price Is Right?” she says, giggling. “Was it at your house?” Nigam scrolls through Facebook and selects a friend’s profile. She scans some posted comments and types a response.</p>
<p>In a 20-minute conversation, Nigam, a cognitive science major, keeps up a steady banter while visiting her MySpace page, her school e-mail account and an online photo gallery.</p>
<p>Nigam constantly multitasks, text messaging friends on her cell phone and using it to talk to family on the way to class or lunch. She stops talking – but doesn’t hang up – when she’s driving and has to merge onto a freeway. The key, she says, is to adjust to the situation.</p>
<p>Though she nearly always listens to music while studying, she turns it off when writing papers because she likes to read aloud. Nigam also limits her online chatting during class.</p>
<p>Many students are making more friends and keeping in touch with them through social networking sites and instant message programs, researchers say. Shy teens are able to interact through the sites, says Jean Twenge, a SDSU professor and author of “Generation Me,” the moniker she has given Millennials. Outgoing students use the sites to set up get-togethers with friends.</p>
<p>Consider Chris Letrong, an affable UCSD freshman who joined more than three student organizations within weeks of arriving on campus.</p>
<p>One weeknight, Letrong studied in his dorm while sending an occasional text message. When his sister asked for pictures of his room, he sent them with a few clicks of his mouse. About 90 of his 320 friends were logged on to the instant-messaging program that night.</p>
<p>“Definitely, seeing someone in person is best,” Letrong said. “But my cell phone and instant messaging have made me more social. Without them, I probably would have lost contact with lots of my friends.”</p>
<p>Letrong’s instant-messaging habit often overflows into the classroom. In the course of a 50-minute lecture, for which he took meticulous notes, the bioengineering major clicked through different windows on his laptop whenever the professor paused to ask or field a question. Letrong fired off a few instant messages to friends and transferred three movies from his laptop to a spare hard drive he had just bought.</p>
<p>For Letrong, it’s distracting not to multitask.</p>
<p>Brain experts, however, say constantly switching attention is not advantageous. Decades of data show that people – including Millennials – make more errors and complete tasks more slowly when trying to do several things at once, said Jordan Grafman, a cognitive neuroscientist with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.</p>
<p>While practice improves a person’s ability to multitask, he said, it’s impossible to deliberate while doing many things at once.</p>
<p>“What you’re really looking at is quantity over quality,” Grafman said. “Find me a job in the world that sees that as positive.”</p>
<p>Bells, whistles in class</p>
<p>With so many potential distractions, it’s tougher than it has ever been for professors to make an impression in the classroom. But they’re gaining ground, thanks to the Web and ever-improving software.</p>
<p>Want to boost student input? Create a course Web site with a discussion forum. </p>
<p>Want to help students prepare for class? Post lecture notes and slides on the course Web site.</p>
<p>Nearly half of all college courses use Web sites or similar tools that allow students to view grades, take quizzes and participate in Web conferences online, according to a recent survey by the Campus Computing Project. The organization is run by Kenneth C. Green, a visiting scholar at Claremont Graduate University who studies technology issues at universities.</p>
<p>At UCSD, about 31 percent of all courses use online management systems or have their own Web sites. It’s about 66 percent at San Diego State University and about 40 percent at the University of San Diego.</p>
<p>One device that’s growing increasingly common in college classrooms is the clicker.</p>
<p>In a recent chemistry class at UCSD, lecturer Christina Johnson used them to quiz students on the difference between hydrogen and other elements’ energy levels.</p>
<p>To respond, students selected a button on bright clickers and pointed them at palm-sized receivers on the walls. Infared rays transmitted the data, much like a TV remote control. With the push of a button, Johnson displayed the results on a screen: 58 percent of the class had answered correctly.</p>
<p>Johnson has been using the “remote answering devices” for two years.</p>
<p>“This allows me to step back from lecture mode and get them thinking instead of taking notes frantically,” she said.</p>
<p>Some professors have used technology to stretch the borders of their classrooms. An MIT engineer created software that allows students on campus and around the world to run experiments online through their Web browsers.</p>
<p>At the University of Virginia, a historian created a Web site similar to Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia. Students are compiling an online history textbook of sorts, building on each other’s entries.</p>
<p>Not all professors embrace the changing dynamic of college instruction.</p>
<p>Gordon Clanton, a sociology professor at SDSU since 1974, believes shifting focus from lectures to multimedia and digital presentations can dumb down courses.</p>
<p>“I don’t believe replacing readings and lectures with entertaining videos is engaging students,” said Clanton, who uses PowerPoint and overhead projectors in large lecture halls. “I teach about the founders of sociology. I can’t make that as entertaining as a TV show.”</p>
<p>Diana Oblinger, a vice president at Educause, a nonprofit association promoting the use of technology in higher education, says there is a big difference between entertaining students and engaging them. Technology in the classroom is only successful if it engages, she said. And professors are slowly embracing it.</p>
<p>“I don’t see a radical change, but I see relentless incremental change,” she said.</p>
<p>The Internet is also transforming how students and professors interact. Traditional office hours haven’t disappeared, but there are more electronic exchanges. About one-third of students report e-mailing a professor once every two weeks, according to a 2002 Pew Internet and American Life Project report.</p>
<p>“I probably have fewer numbers coming in person, but I have more contact with students than ever,” said Steve Jones, a communications professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago and a Pew Internet project fellow…