<p>A few of my own crack-pot theories, in response to the OP’s question of “How?”</p>
<p>Theory #1: Rising time-costs of EC mediocrity</p>
<p>It seems to me that its harder to be a stand-out in extra-curricular activities than it was 35 years ago (within my own experience rangeit could be different elsewhere). Im basing this on a comparison of my high school experience with my childs. Socio-economic circumstances and local communities are reasonably similar, and the section of the country is the same. The EC time-cost makes it harder for the top scorer to add really attention-grabbing extra-curriculars to other qualifications. </p>
<p>Three off-hand comparisons follow.</p>
<p>Debate<br>
35 years ago: One hour team meeting per week, plus some time in the library, competing Saturdays from about 7 am to 3 pm, and qualifying for the state tournament was a realistic possibility. In our league, the only teams with file cabinets full of evidence came from Toledo. One of our senior debaters had a single evidence card, which said Smile. He and his partner still won the majority of their debates, on logic.
Now: Twenty plus hours a week, multiple out-of-state weekend tournaments that require school absences on Fridays, summer debate camps, and qualifying for the state tournament is a realistic possibility.</p>
<p>Orchestra
35 years ago (actual case): The cello section of the orchestra consisted of one person, who did not take private lessons and transposed most notes in real time to the two lowest strings.
Now: The school has three separate orchestras. Its more or less the case that the top twelve first violinists and the top twelve cellists all started before age 5, in the Suzuki program, and this is also true of the top six or so second violinists. The violists are the sole exception; they often didnt start till age 10. Most good players attend summer music programs, beginning in sixth grade, at the latest; the best practice 4 to 5 hours per day during the school year, 10+ hours a day in the summers.</p>
<p>Soccer
35 years ago: Our school didnt have a team.
Now: It helps if the player started on a U8 travel team at age 6.</p>
<p>When I was at MIT (as a post doc), you could play in one of several leagues: baseball, fast-pitch softball, slow-pitch, and Kentucky Fried. Granted that there is much to be learned by pursuing an activity to the highest levels of excellence, still Id like for our local high school students to have more opportunities to try out their interests at the Kentucky Fried level, to start.</p>