Your maximum budget is 40k + any savings from your part time job + 5.5k loan. That’s it.
An issue with your plan is that you can’t just “take loans”.
As an 18 year old, you can “only” borrow 5.5k, anything else would have to be borrowed by your parents. In addition, be aware that the Administration just passed a law establishing a maximum lifetime cap on college loans at 200k, meaning anything you take now is deducted from what you’d need for your Master’s degree, therefore you need to save as much for grad school as you possibly can since colleges offer scholarships whereas most Masters don’t.
At Penn State, are you applying as a Millenium Scholar? It’s the only way the school will be affordable, even if you increase your budget to 40k.
You can’t put all your eggs in the same basket wrt UMDCP and need at least one more instate safety - I mentioned Morgan State (has your major) and UMBC (doesn’t, so you’d need a substitute, however they do have Engineering). Towson doesn’t have Engineering at all.
SUNY Buffalo and SUNY ESF have been mentioned and should be seriously considered. Buffalo is one of NYS’ flagships, especially strong for Engineering.
At public universities, students easily get credit for HLs; for more credit, they may take the equivalent AP exam to their SL courses. Private universities usually use IB and AP for placement rather than credit.