The whole thing is a mess, and it raises real questions, for example, should something as important as medical care be a for profit thing? Capitalism is based on competition, but can there be competition for drugs that have a relatively low user base? More importantly, can you trust medical care done on a low cost basis, if hospitals advertise “Open heart surgery, 5,000 dollars all inclusive”, or “cancer treatment 10,000 dollars”, would you go for it? If you buy a cheap phone or car or tv set and it is a dog, you might be out the cost of it, but how would the low cost operation achieve those low costs? And do we want someone like Shkrelli to be able to in effect shake every last dime out of the pockets of people who rely on a treatment so he can gorge?
Then, too, a lot of the components used in pharmaceuticals are now made offshore, especially India, and there are serious questions about the quality of those components I have been reading, and the FDA has basically left it to the Pharm industry to self certify the components are okay (or at least that is my impression of it). The idea seems to be that the Pharm industry has it in its interest to make sure the quality of the components is good, given fear of lawsuits, but will that actually work?
It becomes further muddled when you have hedge funds and private equity firms getting involved in basic services like this. There was a long article in the NY Times, about how governments have outsourced services like EMT care to firms run by private equity firms and the like, and they have seen the services deteriorate with the mania for lowering costs by those running it. They detailed how, for example, the EMT service when they took people to the hospital often scrounged supplies from the hospital (basically stealing them) to make up for shortfalls they had, and in many of those communities response time has soared and the quality has declined as trained EMT’s walk away, and they leave often minimally qualified and trained people to take their place.
I don’t have any easy answers, but one of the things about the current attempts at reforming medical care is that none of them, from any part, seems to try and address the root causes of the cost of medical care. One way that technologically is getting more and more possible is automated medical care, advances in things like AI and medical scanning and testing could revolutionize medical care, though obviously it will face massive headwinds from doctors. Robotic surgeons could potentially do a better job at surgery with fewer mistakes, robotic GP’s could probably handle a large percentage of routine medical care, but that would obviously threaten doctors and the whole medical training system that is out there. We also should ban the advertising of prescription drugs, I believe the US is only one of two countries that allows that, along with reigning in the ties between the pharm companies and doctors, that ends up driving up medical costs by doctors prescribing expensive new drugs when older , generic drugs work just as well.