I think that we need more information in order to suggest particular universities to apply to.
However, it sounds like you took calculus very early. We do sometimes see posts from students who took some difficult course too early and did not do well. This is relatively common. Having retaken calculus as a junior is still early, and it sounds like you did very well when you retook it.
1450 is a very good SAT score. 780 on math is very good.
I would not worry about it.
Exactly.
As @ucbalumnus has said different universities may interpret this somewhat differently. Overall however I think that you will do well.
By the way, I am pleased both that you retook calculus, and that you did well when retaking it. For a student who is very strong in math (which you appear to be) calculus is something that you are likely to use many times in the future.