<p>Of course these criteria probably vary widely by program, but in general:</p>
<li><p>If one has acquired an MA/MPhil from another institution, does one have to get another MA from the institution where one plans to obtain a PhD?</p></li>
<li><p>If one acquires an MA/MPhil abroad and has not taken the GRE, does one have to take the GRE to be admitted to an American PhD program?</p></li>
</ol>
<p>In addtion to the variation between institutions/programs (as you mentioned):</p>
<h1>1 - depends on the student’s preparation and competence</h1>
<h1>2 - most American grad. schools require the GRE, regardless of previous degrees</h1>
<p>“1. If one has acquired an MA/MPhil from another institution, does one have to get another MA from the institution where one plans to obtain a PhD?”</p>
<p>In general, I don’t think so. Say you have a BA and an MA in (for instance) philosophy from Stanford and Harvard, respectively. If you wanted to do your PhD in philosophy at Princeton, there is no way that Princeton would ask you to do another MA in philosophy with them.</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Not usually. Most PhD programs these days simply skip over the MA or award it as a sort of gimmie if you really want it. Either that, or you’re given a “consolation MA” if you drop out but have completed enough work to merit one.</p></li>
<li><p>99% of PhD programs will require a GRE.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Further commenting on above replies, you should be careful to check whether the school does offer a MA. Not all will give you the “consolation” MA if you decide you don’t want the PhD after all. Some schools don’t even look at MA applicants even if they say they have the MA degree. This is because, what is the point of just an MA? If it is thesis-based, you only take maybe 3 courses and your research won’t be all that great. If it is non-thesis, all you did was take more courses without producing anything. This is especially true with engineering programs.</p>
<p>Completion of MA degree is completely different than for PhD at many schools, so you can be stuck with neither with no funding behind you.</p>