<p>IMHO: U-M is probably the more prestigious of the two although I have heard people from outside of PA say great things about the Honors program at Penn State.<br>
U-M is the most expensive OOS tuition public school in the US (but not too far ahead of UVA).
Neither U-M nor Penn State gives a lot of pure merit aid to OOS w/o financial need.
Yale SCEA is a coin toss, so you’re right to apply to RD schools if they allow it.
Hope the list helps and good luck.</p>