<p>Many neuroscientists, psychologists, and scientific researchers have concluded that religion is simply a byproduct of otherwise normal processes in the brain. We tend to detect agency when there isn’t any, and instinctively and inaptly personify phenomenon. Brain imaging establishes that our evolutionary past governs our tendency to adhere to religious and irrational beliefs due to the scientifically inaccurate way in which we fashion the world. Throughout the past, submission to the needs of a greater group were far more advantageous than simply going it alone, since personal advantage follows from the subsequent success of the group. Hence, it shouldn’t be peculiar that reciprocity (in the common distinctions of altruism and cooperation) has come to predominate the human population. A species simply cannot survive without it. </p>
<p>We are biologically inclined to assign intentions to entities whose behavior is of great import to us. This is not only inappropriately importuned to “God” but to ordinary inanimate objects as well. Those who have technical difficulties with automobiles and computers, for instance, will almost always entreat the machine with some set of passionate requests in a quixotic attempt to provoke the proper function. In essence, we are projecting intent onto insentient objects, as if it is an instinctual algorithm inherent in us. Basically, it is normal psychological processes being applied in the wrong context, which is conceptually parallel to the underlying basis of religious belief. Yet, we frequently believe in the religions and deities that are developed out of these same misdirected tendencies. The attribution of immaterial sentience to events in indeed a far easier method of fulfilling intellectual void than to study phenomena scientifically, a convenient way to spontaneously resolve existential enigma. </p>
<p>[Religion</a> and the Brain - Dana Foundation](<a href=“http://www.dana.org/news/cerebrum/detail.aspx?id=24068]Religion”>http://www.dana.org/news/cerebrum/detail.aspx?id=24068)</p>
<p>Religion is the aggregate of fabled chronicles that attempt to explain the origin of a people, their fate, and their indebtedness to subscribe to particular figures of worship, ethical conventions, and other protocols. But its attributional basis is inappropriately reversed. Religious and moral conviction does not proceed in top-down fashion but rather from the bottom-up, from people to their tribe, group, or culture. They are not derived from the top-down or from the general to the particular, from some animated force or immaterial being to the people by means of the culture. Belief is inherent in human psychology, not independently or transcendentally endowed to it.</p>
<p>Simply put, many people fundamentally allow themselves to blindly believe certain things. It is personal deception that accounts for so much intrinsic gullibility. There is an intoxicating alacrity in all too many people to irrationally adhere to certain beliefs even in the absence of evidence, through substitution of a false rationality, the presence of illusion that they perceive as evidence, or even when there exists an inviolable fortress of evidence that runs starkly in contrast to the belief(s), typically through indoctrination or willful self-deception. But emotional and societal factors influence our method of thought and formation of conclusions more often than we would be privy to admit. People misperceive random events or natural features that seem to corroborate their beliefs (i.e. rationalizing the banana as proof of some sentient existence). </p>
<p>Interpretation of the raw feed provided from sensory experience is not objective but rather influenced by mindset, previous experience, innate disposition, expectations, beliefs, and culture. (Such is the reason why “eyewitness” accounts are often so evidently flawed.) Anything inherently subjective in nature is susceptible to such distortion. This is precisely why science and its impartial foundations of gathering evidence has become such a powerful, effective, and guiding intellectual tool and why its corresponding branches of learning proliferate to such a significant and relentless extent. But the most important thing is to learn exactly what type of cognitive errors our species is prone to making. Indeed, the false perceptions of paranormal activity and supernatural experience are the most profound examples. </p>
<p>Adherence to supernatural existence or belief in a coordinating, socially uniting figure is often the result of tribalism or a requirement for inclusion into a particular group. In more primeval times, that meant survival and reproductive success. There has been more than enough time for epigenesis – genetic slants of cognitive development – to evolve and produce moral, religious, and supernatural tendencies. In other words, indoctrinability was selected to such an extent that it became instinct. Over time, religious, supernatural, and ethical precepts are so culturally (and, by extension, individually) ingrained that their origins become forgotten. For instance, many individuals mechanically say “bless you” to those who sneeze even though (most) no longer believe that “demons” are entering and departing the body. </p>
<p>Moreover, commonly tethered to religious belief is the concept of the afterlife, a profound utopia or transcendent nonmaterial revitalization that religious cultures invent to vindicate the subordinating imperative of social existence. It conveniently fabricates a justification for moral tendency out of the congenital human (emotional) desire for immortality. Religion and god-belief provides a strong psychological safeguard against the fear of death. It is not rational arguments (there aren’t any), but rather emotions, that cause belief in a future life. Humans typically cope with the reality of death by fatuously imagining that it isn’t real – that somehow humans rematerialize elsewhere in pure desire for a permanent existence. </p>
<p>Some individual’s fanatical, irrational, and ceaselessly hidebound need for dogma is a biologically based vestige from our species primitive days – a misconceived reaction to some inherent impulse. Simply stated, for most, science and secular humanism do not satisfy this organic instinct. It’s objectivity and imaginatively sterile nature (at least in the comparative sense) bluntly contrasts with the psychically exuberant and emotionally fulfilling nature of transcendent thought. But if critical thought is in some supply and can reach a simple conclusion, it is that zeal and desire are not fundamentally equivalent or as practically significant as truth. </p>
<p>The totality of humanity’s devotional confusion is that it genetically developed to believe one explanation regarding the foundations of our existence (and, in turn, sacrilised this hoax) and stumbled upon another. The human mind evolved to believe in gods, superstition, paranormality, and other illusions. It did not evolve to believe in the comparatively unemotional, dispassionate natural explanations provided by science, which has largely only been feasible within a very short period of time. </p>
<p>The uncomfortable truth – regardless of what many think – is that science and religion are not genuinely consistent or factually reconcilable. The fundamental solidarity which indisputably underlies the full scope of our accumulated knowledge – irrelevant of the seeming disparities between academic disciplines – is unobtainable without understanding their true nature, particularly the unsettled misconceptions still present regarding religion’s and supernatural thinking’s objective basis.</p>
<p>And indeed, indiscriminate adherence to supernatural belief and refusal to budge from fixated ideas when no evidence is present or even in the existence of an overwhelming abundance of evidence to the contrary is a form of mental abnormality. The neurological phenomenon associated with paranormal experience involve some form of over-stimulation of the limbic system, which subsequently intensifies religious experience. For example, Alzheimer’s Disease is profoundly associated with a disintegration of the limbic system and the religiously devout among those afflicted tend to lose personal interest in religion in extent to the severity of its progression. [M. Spinella and O. Wain (2006)]</p>
<p>Alleged personal revelations of a god-figure are patently delusory. Collective hubris and erroneous belief in humans’ divinely selected significance profoundly influence the emotional inclination toward god-belief. It is more vainglorious to believe that there is an entity that deeply cares, watches, guides, implicitly communicates, and responds to oneself than the correct alternative (its genuine lack of existence). But, if anything, it’s nothing more than an anthropocentric and speciesist whim in the belief that humans are the most superior and divinely connected breed in the universe. These days, we can stimulate portions of the cerebral cortex to induce mystical or spiritual occurrences. Hence, these experiences are not independent of human psychology but rather manifested on a neurobiological level.</p>
<p>[Religion</a> versus science might be all in the mind - smh.com.au](<a href=“http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/04/28/1051381900365.html]Religion”>Religion versus science might be all in the mind)</p>
<p>Without question, science, secular humanism, and rationalism consistently depreciate any perceived merit in religious claim. In fact, the former are the only views compatible with reality. The natural sciences unify in theory and in impartial evidence form the impregnable technical foundation for modern civilization, thought, and academic study. Superstitions, pseudosciences, spiritual elements, and supernaturalism gratify individual psychosomatic needs but are patently devoid of valid ideas or the means to furnish proper explanation to the technical ground and merely profit from obscuring the truth.</p>
<p>Religion and its followers, without integrating the findings of science, will continually lose credibility. But it will inevitably remain as an intellectual outlet to those fundamentally biased, those prone to the psychologically fulfilling nature of its creative asseverations, and those who simply wish to oppose a clearheaded recognition of its inconsistencies, contradictions, and patent falsehoods. But the consequent result will inevitably be the consciousness and criticism of fable and the secularization of religion and the mythos and tradition associated with human culture.</p>