I will admit that from your post I do not see a reason to transfer.
One very important issue here is your budget. It is a HUGE advantage to graduate from university with no debt. Recent university grads very frequently barely make enough money to live on. If you also have debt, then you are likely to graduate and either need some help from your parents, or you may need to live with your parents in order to save enough money to just get by. Living with parents of course would severely limit where you can get a job after graduation.
One thing about large universities is that they have a very wide range of people. There are people like you there. If you are quiet and do not like loud parties, then it might be a bit more difficult finding people like you, but they are there. One idea is to get involved in clubs and activities that are of interest to you. There might be an outing club or a games or chess club. These clubs will have people who are different from the people that you find at parties. If you try one club and don’t like it, then try another club. If you still don’t like it, try a third. Get involved in inter-mural athletics. Your people are there somewhere.
You mentioned Bowdoin and Amherst College, which happen to be two schools that we considered. For us the NPC results were “unfortunate” for both schools. These are very good colleges. However, they are in small towns. I love Brunswick, but it is not clear to me that there is all that much for a college student to do there that you couldn’t do in your current location. Amherst is also a small town, although there is at least U.Mass nearby but I don’t see how this will create more to do than there is at your current school.
One thing that put me off a bit at Bowdoin was the mention of how they are “prestigious”. At least in my family we are into being top students and getting straight A’s. We are into getting things done. We are not into being stuffy about it. I suppose that the small New England LACs have to talk about “prestige” because how else would they justify their cost. However, you can get a great education at a very wide range of universities. The people that I have met who have literally changed the world never ever talked about “prestige”. They were too busy getting their job done. Some of these graduated from MIT or Stanford. Some graduated from U.Mass Amherst or Rutgers or one of the IIT’s or Toronto. They all work together and no one cares where anyone got their degrees. They care what people are capable of accomplishing.
One thing that can help you do well after graduation is to get involved in research activities and/or internships and/or coop programs while you are an undergraduate student. At a top ranked school the competition for these will be intense. If you are at a school where you are able to stand out as one of the top students, this can help you to get these opportunities.
To me you are looking at two large risks if you transfer. One is that you will run up debt that you will have to pay off in the future. The other is that you will transfer somewhere and discover that you do not like it. You also will be competing for research opportunities with students who have been at the school a year longer than you have, and who therefore already know their professors. To me an approach which is more likely to work is to work hard to get the most of your education where you are.