The foundation of everything?

brandon38 · March 8, 2008, 11:26pm

I’m going (back) to college after five years away. I originally left because I had gotten venture capital for an Internet company, and since that time I’ve done well with that company as well as a few additional ones. I really don’t have anything to do and would like to dedicate my life to philanthropy (with a focus on diplomacy, but not tied to any particular government - maybe an international organization, as well as social entrepreneurship) after spending a few years traveling and pursuing knowledge. The traveling begins later this year.

I’m looking to study a subject that is literally the foundation for the majority of other subjects, both humanities and sciences. Would anyone agree that philosophy is this foundation? I am particularly interested in the study of the universe, specifically the earth, as well as the study of the life within that space, answering as many questions as possible for both the individual and society, how individuals interact with each other to form society, focusing on the future, and later applying it to what I do later in life.

What about theoretical mathematics? Theoretical physics? Combining these with philosophy? Admittedly, my above-stated goal is so broad and conceptual that I have almost no idea what I’m looking at here.

I don’t care anything about the major’s job outlook. If there are two that I end up deeming equally important to my goal, then I’ll likely have two concentrations. I do care about the ability to go to graduate school afterward, but I couldn’t tell you in what subject because my interests are too broad (it would likely be law, astrophysics, biomedical engineering or economics).

Let me know what you would do…

tomatoking · March 8, 2008, 11:58pm

everything was a branch of philosophy back in the day.

brandon38 · March 9, 2008, 12:13am

Yes, but since most subjects that started as a branch of philosophy have branched off into their own disciplines, studying just philosophy in academia might not be specific enough. For example, what about the hard sciences? Although philosophy was the original basis, what do you think the closest foundation to the sciences is thinking about pure theory? That’s why I’m thinking about math as well…

tetrishead · March 9, 2008, 12:57am

Philosophy and mathematics are the basis for all thought in social sciences, the humanities and hard sciences. Physics is interesting, but I wonder how well off you’d be entering a rigorous physics program after being out of school for several years–you’re probably going to need a more formal reintroduction to mathematics. Most people are into the theoretical side of physics, and it takes some work to get there. A basic course on the universe and its structure might be enough to satiate you in that regard.

If you lived in Europe I’d tell you to try space your courses out through sociology (sociology is overly qualitative in America, in Europe it’s closer to economics and is extraordinarily interesting), anthropology, astrophysics (since you seem to be predominately interested with space as far as that goes, although I doubt you’ll want to get very far in it), history, psychology and mathematics. However, I doubt you’d be able to spread electives that far out. Political science could be something you would want to take a look at, because if you want to understand society and the future you have to understand the structure of society, which in a more pragmatic way is provided by government. Political science is so hit or miss that for what you seem to want to learn I’d never actually recommend you major in it, though.

Philosophy, at the basic level, will probably teach you what you wish to learn as far as the humanities go. How far along you get is up to you, I’m not really sure you need to major in it to get what you want. Based on what you’ve stated are your interests I’d probably try and get through a course in ethics and ethical theory, existentialism, the philosophy of the mind (metaphysics and consciousness), the philosophy of language and cognition, political theory, and identity and how it is influenced (can sometimes be under intersubjective self or experimental psychoanalysis).

From psychology, you’ll probably want to get through social psychology, decision-making, behavior analysis and cognitive psychology.

From anthropology, you’ll probably just want something with regards to human evolution and a course about human variation. If the school you go to is strong in cultural anthropology, though, you ought to take more courses.

Neuroscience or cognitive science could be useful to you, but I’m not sure how interested you are in the decision-making process v. more “general” human interaction.

One way or another you’re going to have to come down on the hard side or the more theoretical side. Most mathematicians are no longer philosophers, most philosophers are no longer particularly skilled at math. You can’t really do space + humanity + the foundations + everything else. You’re probably going to want something more applied than both mathematics and philosophy, but I don’t know what specific application it is you’re looking for, so I’ll just say you should start out with the two of them. Additionally, you mentioned graduate school for biomedical engineering and for economics, neither of which really “align” with what it is you said you’re looking for. If you want to focus on behavioral economics you’re probably better off with a double in psychology and mathematics, focusing on decision-making, identity and society. “Behavioral” economics is really supposed to be sociology, but sociology is kind of broken in this country and the Western hemisphere in general.

brandon38 · March 9, 2008, 1:07am

Thanks tetrishead. The problem is I’m interested in all of that, and while I could take courses in everything I’m not sure what the major would be. As far as my comment on grad school, I’m not interested in preparing for it other than from a very basic perspective.

You mentioned astrophysics, which I would be interested in at the graduate level. By going back to college, I just want to immerse myself in subjects that really look at the things that I’m interested in - understanding the world and its inhabitants and every fundamental subject that helps achieve that understanding.

I’m not located in Europe, but I can certainly go to school there. I’m looking at Cambridge, but not sure if your comment about European schools included the UK.

I was thinking about coming down, as you said, on the theoretical side but ensuring preparation for future subjects. In my opinion I can reserve practicality for grad school, if I go. Either way, after traveling this year, I’m going to start an organization focusing on non-profit donations and investments in key “disruptive” industries as well as diplomacy. I want to prepared for that, and the only portion of that which I’m not prepared for is diplomacy. But I don’t want to study anything as specific as international relations.

Do you know anything about the mathematics and philosophy program at Oxford? It looks like it might be more math than philosophy.

tetrishead · March 9, 2008, 1:47am

Well I’ll go ahead and rant a little about sociology. I’m not sure whether or not Oxbridge has been immune to this–in the US and Canada sociology has largely been ravaged by a combination of criminology, which was a pet of Reagan, and its modeling methods being raided by economics, anthropology and psychology. Economists are now in positions within the government that sociologists used to hold, and the current field of sociology is largely populated by (and excuse me for being blunt) a collection of whiny idiots who aren’t academics as much as they are critics. The less English speaking European countries still appear to have highly quantitative programs, though, which is where sociology is strong. I certainly don’t expect you to learn Dutch or German to go study sociology, though. I think economics has done an alright job of replacing sociology, but there’s still not really a strong path for people who are interested in behavioral economics even with the success of things like Freakonomics.

To ensure preparation for future subjects become good at math. Don’t learn math–become good at it. There’s a difference. A lot of people think they’re good at math when in reality they’ve just memorized certain things. I know that I’m not good at math, but that I’ve memorized enough to get by. You need to have a fundamental understanding of mathematical logic that could very well bring you all the way back to stuff you learned in the eigth grade.

You can do anything if you’re strong in math, even though math can be very hard. You can go into a doctoral economics program with absolutely no background in economics and a strong background in math, and they’ll teach you what you need to know about economics. The same is arguably true for physics, but graduate schools do prefer exposure to physics at a relatively high level. You can walk into a doctoral computer science program with a strong background in math even if you’ve never programmed (although I imagine you have). Mathematics is the gateway for everything, even if it’s painful for some of us. Even psychology, which is considered the one “sort of” science that people weak in math go into, has strong prerequisites with regards to statistics.

Philosophy is great if you seriously want to consider a career in either academics (non-hard sciences) or law, because ethics is the foundation of law, and being strong in philosophical logic will give you pretty LSAT scores and make reading papers written by academics less of a bore. Of course, you’d be spending your electives on exploring issues that are actually interesting, but from a pragmatic standpoint philosophy has some benefits. Keep in mind, however, that law school is not lawyer school. If you want to understand law for practical reasons (business-related), you’re almost better off trying to take some accounting courses on the side for tax law and learning bits and pieces of corporate law through self-study.

I’m very interested in technology (predominately web apps and data aggregation), so when I see you use the term disruptive I’m sure you can understand that I chuckle–disruptive is the VC web two point no buzzword. For what you’re talking about you’d probably want to split yourself in two–a foundation (non-profit donations, diplomacy) that supports the infrastructure, “holds” the legal team and does the research you might be interested in (don’t be afraid of the term think-tank), and a corporation that does the for-profit investments, marketing and handles any product deployments (assuming you ever have to deploy any kind of product). Think the Mozilla Foundation and the Mozilla Corporation, although whether or not you want a for-profit and a non-profit to be so closely tied is a decision you’ll have to make when you have a clearer idea of what it is you specifically want to involve yourself in.

From the non-profit diplomacy, investment (microloans) and donation side it almost seems like you want to create something in the style of the Aspen Institute with a larger focus on philanthropy. That is, in my opinion, a really good idea, and I wish you the best in doing something like it.

The issue you are facing is something plenty of intelligent people who want to apply themselves have had to deal with. An extreme interest in knowledge for the sake of learning things that are interesting. It’s an issue I’m facing as well, as from a pragmatic standpoint I intend to get myself through economics and high-level mathematics courses to be able to support some members of my family, but I’d like to spend time in astrophysics, European and East Asian history, philosophy, the more theoretical side of psych and cognitive science. It’s a difficult balancing act, and it’s one you’re going to have to get used to. If you’ve already managed a successful business you probably understand time management, and this is similar enough to it. In your situation you’re probably a little more free to explore than I am, and you should take advantage of that. If worse comes to worse, you can always take an extra semester. As long as you have a strong academic record schools don’t see it as a negative.

edit for your edit; I know a little about it. I do believe it is more math than philosophy, but that’s probably the way it should be, and Oxford has an exceptional philosophy department. If you’re looking for some special joint program Claremont-McKenna has philosophy, politics and economics which is extremely popular and supposedly very good (Oxford is ironically famous for creating the program in the first place), although it’s somewhat difficult to get into and might actually be less theoretical than you’d like.

brandon38 · March 9, 2008, 1:59am

I actually know German I speak a few different languages, only a couple fluently enough to take a class in them, though. I wouldn’t be interested in going to a university just for sociology, though. I’ll have to research a bit about the programs at Oxford and Cambridge.

I’m not interested in law school for becoming a lawyer. I’m interested more in theoretical law (of course). I’m not interested in corporate or tax law. At all. I’ve had enough of that in the last five years in business to be sick of it. I can dictate (and get around) every law in those books. (I am, however, interested in civil law (the system not the branch). I thought about the possibility of studying it in China since that market, and government, will become so important.)

Yes, it’s the buzzword. I’ve been doing a little bit of angel investing in the last couple of years myself. I’m surrounded by VCs all day so I apologize. But, I’m not interested in actual being in the industry anymore, after this last run (I know everyone says that). I would be interested in advising and investing, but not in managing. I’m much more interested in short-term abilities to help the parts of the world that don’t get much help because they don’t matter “economically”.

Another example of what you’re talking about is Google.org and Google’s foundation. Yes, the setup that I would come up with would have separate abilities, so that one could actively lobby various governments.

I still have the problem of balancing just as anyone else would. I’d be perfectly fine spending the rest of my life in school and could take care of myself financially while doing so. But then I wouldn’t make any difference outside of a few papers I might write. Going back to undergraduate studies as well as traveling is a bit of a precursor while I plan the non-profit work. I want to make sure I have the option of grad school, as I said, but who knows if I’ll go. I could think of four or five subjects I’d take PhD’s in, but the time investment isn’t worth it. So I’m still balancing

Glad to hear you’re interested in web apps. If you ever have any good ideas that require capital let me know :P

Edit regarding the Claremont-McKenna note: I hate to be an elitist, but on an international basis, planning for later diplomatic relations, I think Oxford would be better, as would Cambridge or Harvard. I’m still doing research on visibility of various schools.

thedoverdemon · March 9, 2008, 3:29am

It seems to me that you already have a pretty good idea of what you want to/should be studying.

I’m studying philosophy and economics myself, with similar ambitions with regards to the pursuit of knowledge. Without any hesitation, I highly recommend that you look into philosophy, even if you do not pursue it in an academic setting. Philosophy can be extremely rewarding and gives you insights that, it seems, no other discipline can offer. But I stress that this does not mean you should study philosophy alone. Although philosophy is a very broad subject, I think it is best studied when combined with other areas of study. I think you’d get the most out of philosophy by studying it as well as math, physics, economics, psychology, and history.

With philosophy in particular, look into logic, metaphysics (the nature of reality), and epistemology (theory of knowledge). The philosophy of language and of mind may be of interest as well. Ethics can give you insight into politics, economics, psychology, sociology, and anthropology as well.

It’s great to be so passionate about learning though. I can recommend some philosophy texts if you want.

brandon38 · March 9, 2008, 3:50am

Yeah, I’m thinking math and philosophy but I’m still considering it. It also depends somewhat on the university I choose, a choice I haven’t made yet.

Sure, I’d love to hear any recommendations you have. I read a lot of philosophy throughout high school and my first (and only) year in college, but reading as a whole dropped off substantially after I began working 18+ hour days.

tetrishead · March 9, 2008, 4:16am

Well, if you want to learn about the theory of law then you should go to Yale for law school–assuming law is eventually your decision over another field. They’re generally considered the least “black letter,” while Columbia is considered the most. Of course, saying “go to Yale” is easier said than it is done.

I’d be cautious about study in China. Don’t confuse studying there with studying it, the government exerts a certain amount of influence over the curriculum of their universities–even at the graduate level. Study-abroad there would probably be a good idea if you’re interested in it, though. If you know German, you should absolutely try to study-abroad in Germany as well. Go for philosophy and sociology. That you know German is great–the best philosophy is written in French and German. With regards to Claremont-McKenna, you’re certainly right about visibility. You should look into the PPE Oxford program if you find that math and philosophy aren’t right for you.

As for the Valley stuff, advising is still “being in the industry” :P, it’s hard for people to divorce themselves from most industries they’ve been successful in. It’s certainly an industry that is predisposed to an accelerated pattern of booms and busts–the regular market on speed, I suppose. I appreciate the offer (although I don’t know how serious it was, haha), and I do have a multitude of ideas, but I need expertise–not money. Good luck with your education.

brandon38 · March 9, 2008, 4:31am

Thanks for all of your help.

I’m always serious when it comes to ventures. Sometimes, you don’t need expertise, you need money. I know plenty of people who haven’t developed their idea, rather getting funding for it and then hiring or outsourcing while still managing the business that was created.

Good luck to you as well. If you or anyone else here has any ideas about the visibility of some universities over others, I’d be interested in hearing about it. I know that academics don’t always correlate with “prestige”, but I’m certain that the academics will be more than good enough. It’s important to me to choose a school that is well recognized across the globe, everywhere from North Korea to Africa.

thedoverdemon · March 9, 2008, 4:32am

I don’t know what you’ve already read, but here are some off the top of my head (in somewhat historical/chronological order):

<ul>
<li>Plato’s “The Republic” - A philosophical classic that touches upon all major philosophical problems, including truth/knowledge, the good life, and the good society.</li>
<li>Aristotle’s (various works) - Gives insight into major ideas in ancient Greece, and later, Islam, and Europe in the Middle Ages. On syllogistic logic, metaphysics, physics (conceptions of the universe), biology, ethics, and politics.</li>
<li>Euclid’s “Elements” - On what were and are foundational ideas in geometry and mathematics.</li>
<li>Augustine’s “Confessions” - On God and morality.</li>
<li>Rene Descartes’ “Meditations on First Philosophy” - On the possibility of certain knowledge, questions of existence, and reasoning.</li>
<li>Gottfried Leibniz’s (various works) - Covered a wide range of topics on logic, math, physics, computation, and metaphysics.</li>
<li>Thomas Hobbes’ “Leviathan” - Influential work on political philosophy, which sets forth some early liberal ideas on individual freedom, rights, war, and the role of government; a somewhat dense text (but still readable).</li>
<li>David Hume’s “A Treatise of Human Nature” - A skeptical philosopher’s views on empiricism. Major ideas include the possibility of knowledge and morality as a primarily social phenomenon. Look into Hume’s Problem of Causation and Problem of Induction, two relevant problems in the empirical sciences. Hume was one of the early opponents of metaphysics, arguing that metaphysics is based on unprovable claims.</li>
<li>Immanuel Kant’s “Critique of Pure Reason” - On the different types of knowledge: a priori and a posteriori, as well as analytic and synthetic propositions. Kant said analytic a priori propositions are true by definition (e.g., “A bachelor is an unmarried man”), while synthetic a priori propositions are propositions not true by definition but still knowable prior to experience (especially, mathematical propositions such as “1+1=2”).</li>
<li>Gottlob Frege’s “On Sense and Reference” - Early musings into the philosophy of language. Also read his other works on the development of his Begriffsschrift (modern predicate logic).</li>
<li>Ludwig Wittgenstein’s “Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus” - A controversial attempt to reduce knowable statements to propositions (i.e., statements that can either be true or false). Statements that are not propositions are meaningless. This started the logical positivist/empiricist movement in the early 20th century and was very influential on modern analytic philosophy.</li>
<li>Bertrand Russell’s (various works) - Another huge figure in philosophy, writing on logic, the foundations of mathematics, the existence of God, and other topics. </li>
<li>Douglas Hofstadter’s “Gödel, Escher, Bach” - A book in the 1970s about the philosophy of mind, consciousness, and artificial intelligence. Written in a unique style. Incorporates ideas from math and computer science (recursion theory; Gödel’s incompleteness theorems).</li>
<li>Roger Penrose’s “Road to Reality” - A giant book that tries to encompass much of modern physics into 1,000 or so pages–you won’t finish this one in a week or two.</li>
</ul>

… and while I’m at it, I’ll recommend Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s “The Black Swan,” which is about the role of uncertainty in finance and economics, but has insights from philosophy nonetheless.

tetrishead · March 9, 2008, 4:53am

doverdemon, I’d question reading those prior to getting into a program. Part of the process of learning is being in a guided environment with an expert in a field, and having discussions about texts–not prereading them and cementing an opinion that may not be fully developed, and may be hard to, uh… un-cement?

A fair share of those would probably be covered in introductory philosophy courses, with the exception of Wittengestein and (probably) Kant, who is often too tough for most freshmen and sophomores to get through. Godel, Escher, Bach is quite the book, and I’d add a recommendation of Number: The Language of Science by Tobias Dantzig onto that. I’m always a little leery of the Black Swan type of work (or things like Blink), because it can sometimes lean into fluff that I’ve seen happen to evolutionary psychology books.

That’s an interesting thought. I figure when I go to school I can get more involved in computer science at some level and hopefully learn what I need to (basically becoming a wizard at server-side scripting and database management), as the operating costs I’ve managed to put together would be minuscule and any expected development time would be rather short–these are traditionally not projects that lend themselves to capital. They’re novel ideas, mostly based on retooling services that have been tried and making them more usable, with a revenue stream center to it–something that is apparently not popular today (something quick, that makes money, and actually works :P).

Probably in order of name recognition world-wide (ignoring America for a monent), I’d imagine it goes something like Harvard, Oxford, Yale, Cambridge, Princeton, Columbia, LSE, ICL, Peking, ETH Zurich, NYU, Cornell, Chicago. Sort of a guess, but a somewhat educated one.

thedoverdemon · March 9, 2008, 5:02am

tetrishead, some of those texts are certainly very challenging reads and the guidance of an expert would help. But I’ve found that self-study by looking things up on Google can give at least a rough idea of the main ideas of the philosophers. Complement self-study along with reading the primary text itself to get the most out of what you read.

That having been said, I did try to give a short explanation of each text without adding my own opinions on the author/text. It helps to know roughly what a text is about before you read it.

brandon38 · March 9, 2008, 5:08am

tetrishead, you could probably learn rails pretty quickly. It’s rather easy and can be used to come up with web apps in no time.

I guessed most of those schools too. I’m guessing Harvard is by far the most recognized from what I’ve read, followed by Cambridge and Oxford.

doverdemon, I’ve actually read some of the texts you recommended, including Kant. I will take a look at the ones I haven’t. Thank you for the plentiful recommendations.

tetrishead · March 9, 2008, 5:16am

I’ve actually decided to go the Python route, hoping that Django and Pylons would be solid enough frameworks to make it possible. At the very worst I could always become solid with Python and move into PHP.

It really does depend. I dont doubt that in certain areas Oxbridge is more well-known than Harvard, and in areas where Harvard is known Yale is generally pretty well known. I’d imagine that LBS and Insead are actually more well known than some of the institutions I listed, and maybe even IMD and Ceibs, although they’re obviously business schools.

brandon38 · March 9, 2008, 7:05am

Python is great as well.

I like what I’ve read about the philosophy and math program at Oxford. I’ll have to do some more research about the visibility of Oxford vs. other schools though. A clear advantage to not going to school in the U.S. is the fact that there’s less entrepreneurship, IMHO. So I won’t get stuck at Harvard and come up with an idea with my new classmate, and then drop out. If Oxford and Cambridge are just as visible, then I’d rather stay out of the U.S. for that reason alone.

tetrishead · March 9, 2008, 10:04am

Well, I think it depends on how much you value an education. While people leaving Stanford and Harvard with regards to starting a business before they graduate seems to be a relatively prevalent thing, it’s more likely that there are just more known cases of it here than at Oxbridge. We’re obviously closer to Berkeley, Harvard, Stanford, MIT and Yale than we are to Edinburgh, Oxford, Cambridge and LSE–or just the Coimbra Group in general. It’s a proximity bias as far as hearing about people leaving and being successful goes. Admittedly, I’ve thought about what would happen if I manage to make something that’s successful while in college with a few partners–because it’s very important for me to finish my education, and I’d wonder how that situation would play out. But I don’t think you’re going to be ostracized for staying in school no matter where you go, especially when you’ve already proven to yourself that you can be successful.

Oxford is as visible as it gets. It’s arguably more visible than Harvard because of the history of Britain, although whether or not that visibility is always positive can be argued. It’s really a toss-up, you’re not going to go wrong with going to Oxford–and they really and truly do have an amazingly strong philosophy department, it’s not just something they say to make themselves sound better.

What you’d want to worry about are two things: (1) the applicability of your standardized test scores (if you ever took standardized tests) in relation to the a-levels and British entry requirements, and (2) the way most undergraduate curriculum is structured in the UK. With regards to standardized test scores and admissions, graduate schools are always more open to people who’ve taken a different path than undergraduate admission offices are. That’s not to say you can’t get in, Oxbridge is hurting for money and will accept someone who can pay unless their academic background is extremely poor, but don’t be surprised if you’re suddenly paying for a private tutor and studying for a few months just to do well on one or two tests.

The second thing is harder to quantify. UK bachelors programs generally contain more high-level work than their academic equivalents in the US because the pre-college educational system in the UK is far more standardized, and here most schools have to compensate by trying to give an even playing field for everyone by having more introductory courses and hand-holding–or in a lot of instances, a whole bunch of core requirements. I’ve heard of UK bachelor degrees being compared to masters from US schools, and although I think that’s a little extreme it’s worth note that an undergraduate education at a UK school isn’t a walk in the park for an American if that American isn’t prepared for it. Just something to be wary of.

Going to school overseas though is probably a good idea, and if you’re greatly interested in diplomacy and politics the ability to have such access to Europe while not worrying about the cost of travel will benefit you greatly. You’ll also start to understand the less than publicized differences between American and British culture–libel laws are much stronger there, self-defense laws are generally considered “anti-victim,” they actually have more issues with prison overcrowding there than we do, speed cameras and CCTV’s feel like an invasion of privacy if you’re used to small town American life. I think there’s an intangible learning experience there that may very well make the slight bump down in prestige from Harvard to Oxford (I personally don’t think there’s a bump down, but you might) not that important.

For what it’s worth, the prestige of the Oxford PPE program is pretty amazing – [Philosophy</a>, Politics, and Economics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia](<a href=“Philosophy, politics and economics - Wikipedia”>Philosophy, politics and economics - Wikipedia) and you’d have mathematics+philosophy and the PPE program at one school, so if you did decide after a few courses whether you preferred one or the other you’d have the door open.

brandon38 · March 9, 2008, 3:43pm

I also have, with the diplomacy with particular countries, the fact that the U.S. is not very well liked. I know that we’re generally alongside the UK, but I wonder how Oxford vs. Harvard is perceived in countries that don’t like America. That’s important to me as well (any NFP organization would most likely be setup in Geneva, for example, to promote neutrality - hopefully they won’t join the EU).

Hopefully they won’t accept someone just because they can pay. I think my SAT score was a 1540, so it wasn’t bad. (That’s on the older test.) My high school grades weren’t great because I was busy running a company and traveling around the country. I think the GPA was a 3.6 or something. It’s hard to remember these numbers Even so, I have started a few companies that have had a successful exit and can get recommendations from some incredibly influential people (one of which I know has ties to Oxford). I don’t want to pull that to get in, but I don’t think I’d get in otherwise.

As far as the preparation, I agree that I’ll have to study up quite a lot before I get there. I’d have to do that with an American school.

I just moved to San Diego from New York, where I spent the last few years, so I’m used to invasions of privacy. From what I know, the UK is a little worse - a group called Privacy International ranked it an “endemic” surveillance society rather than the U.S.’ “extensive”, I believe.

I’m going to check out the PPE program in more detail as well, but I’m not sure I want to put any visible focus on political science.

brandon38 · March 9, 2008, 5:10pm

I’m reading a bit about Oxford elsewhere on these forums. It seems that people generally agree that you don’t take classes outside of your concentration at UK universities. Does anyone know if that’s true even if I don’t have a “limit” to the amount of time I spend on undergrad?

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