<p>"Why are you so willing to embrace the idea of “culture” being the culprit for gender-based underperformance, but so willing to discount or completely ignore it when it comes to racial underperformance?</p>
<p>"
I don’t think that I have ever discounted the importance of culture when it comes to racial underperformance.</p>
<p>The US society had a several hundred year history of not even regarding black people as being human beings. Black people were regarded as beasts incapable of higher level thought and human emotions. </p>
<p>Black slaves were by law not allowed to learn read. They faced being sold or tortured if they persisted in trying. Slaves who acted intelligent were apt to be punished for their behavior. The US culture created an environment in which it was wife for blacks to hide their intelligence.</p>
<p>This also existed after slavery. For instance, blacks who rightly questioned costs they were assessed or money they were paid while sharecropping could lose their jobs or even be lynched. That’s exactly what happened to some people.</p>
<p>Black people were regarded as so inferior to whites that that until 1965, blacks could not even walk across or work in menial positions on some southern college campuses.</p>
<p>Then, when schools were desegregated, black teachers – who had been doing a fine job of teaching black students – lost their jobs because when schools were integrated, black teachers weren’t allowed to teach white students.</p>
<p>Thus, black students ended up being taught by people who had been raised to think of blacks as inferior, unintelligent, child-like beings and who had only known blacks in the position of being domestics, porters and in other subservient positions. It’s simply unlikely that such white teachers would have noticed or appreciated the intelligence of their black students. Indeed, many were hostile to their black students. </p>
<p>Meanwhile, education really didn’t do that much for most black people because until the 1960s, blacks were shut out of most high paying jobs – no matter what part of the country they lived in. It didn’t matter how intelligent or hard working they were, it was perfectly fine for them to not be hired simply because they were black.</p>
<p>Anyway, one big reason that immigrants and children of immigrants from the Caribbean and black Africa do so well educationally in the US (a high proportion get doctorates and they also tend to be disproportionately among the group of blacks going to places like Ivies) is that they were able to grow up in a culture that assumed that black people could achieve.</p>
<p>The children of African/Caribbean immigrants are able to do that here because in general, they do not mix with African Americans. They stick to their Caribbean or African immigrant communities or hang out with nonblack students.</p>
<p>Unlike African Americans whose parents and grandparents lived during the days of legal segregation and discrimination here, the African and Caribbean immigrants and their kids came to the US during a time in which there were doors opened to black people simply because they were black.</p>
<p>Thus, the American culture that they experienced reinforced the importance of getting an education, doing well in school, etc.</p>
<p>In Great Britain and in France, however, where there is lots of prejudice against Caribbean and African immigrants, such students do as poorly in school as African American students do here. The Caribbean and African immigrants and their children are the group with the lowest test scores, behavior problems, etc.</p>
<p>I know that in France, research has indicated that even with the IB diploma, immigrants and the offspring of immigrants from the Middle East, Africa and the Caribbean (many of whom have from birth been considered French) have a harder time finding employment than do similarly educated native French people. </p>
<p>That’s the same kind of thing that occurs in the US when research indicates that if a black sounding name is put on a resume, that “person” will get fewer calls for interviews than occurs when the same resume has a “white” sounding name at the top.</p>