As for the Article, I’m not paying to read it, but the very first sentences are pretty indicative of its quality. In that very first paragraph, we have everything from cherry picking results and use of hyperbole.
So they look at increase in graduation rates at two high schools in one city in one state, Springfield Massachusetts, and claim " High scores on the SAT, a college-admissions test, have tumbled by 15%". Not a drop in the average, not an increase in the number of kids with very low scores, but a drop of 15% in the top scores. Then they use “tumble”, implying some serious collapse, rather than something that is barely a dip, and is consistent with normal variation.
They also call the SATs, “a college-admissions test”, which is very clearly, an attempt to push their political point. I mean, who among the readers of The Economist doesn’t know what the SATs are, and suddenly needs an explanation? Moreover, the SAT is NOT a “college admissions test”. They are only making that claim to drum up the hysteria of “THIS IS HURTING THEIR CHANCES OF GETTING INTO COLLEGE!!!”
As for the graph. Oh man, where do I even begin. First - exactly where is this data from? Are these the only SAT scores that the students did? How are the ACT scores converted? Both IL and MI mostly did ACTs in 2007. Is a 14 on the ACT converted to a 780 or to an 820? How did they decide which is which? Did they convert before or after they checked whether a student dropped out?
Are these data from all schools, or only a small subset of high schools?
Of course, let us also talk about the fact that the SAT scores in 2007 were on a 2400 scale, while in 2022, they were on a 2400 scale. How did they convert? They’re not even mentioning the fact on the graph.
Finally, the most glaring and revealing point of the entire graph: they fail to mention that 2022 was right after the pandemic. They are trying to push a narrative of some long-term trend between 2007 and 2022, while pretending that there didn’t just happen to be a global pandemic in 2020 and 2021 (and 2022).
I am also sorry, but you are trying to support your claim that higher scores on the SATs demonstrate higher mastery of the material. However, this graph already assumes the point that you are trying to make.
You are, essentially, saying: “the fact that this study assumes that higher scores on the SATs demonstrate higher mastery of the material supports my claim that higher scores on the SATs demonstrate higher mastery of the material”
That is either Begging the Question, “assuming that X is true, that proves that X is true”, or it is Argument from Authority “these researchers assume that higher scores on the SATs demonstrate higher mastery of the material, therefore this assumption must be correct”.
All that the graph demonstrates is that, in these fours states, students who did not do well on the SATs in 2021, during the pandemic, were more likely to graduate than students who did their SATs in 2006. Nothing more.