If I attend a four-year college but my degree is an associates degree…Could I transfer to a Division I school and play right away?
The following year of course
There is a very specific process to follow to transfer from one four year school to another and some slight differences from sport to sport. For the most part, getting the associates degree from a 4 year school doesn’t change things much (unless it is a 4 year community college), and if you want to compete right away for a new school it will be dependent on if your current school needs to or is willing to release you (otherwise you may need to red-shirt) and if you are currently academically eligible to compete.
Take a look at the NCAA transfer guides on their website for all of the requirements and various situations.
You could also check out informedathlete.com.
Does my school being an NAIA changes things whether i transfer to a D1 or D2?
Yes, it does. Just look up the NCAA eligibility rules.