My actual suggestion is you instead prioritize where you think you would be happiest and do the best. If you are not sure, you could ED2 at neither to give you more time.
But holding that aside:
Fortunately as an American citizen, you do not have to worry about these colleges being need aware for non-residents. However, I hope you are aware none of these colleges admit by major, they all use a general admissions model where you are simply admitted to the college and are expected to explore options before declaring a major.
Most of what will matter in terms of their academic evaluation is therefore going to be your secondary school curriculum and grades, and they will be looking for kids who are the best bets to do well in a variety of classes, not just classes within their intended major.
But as to your SAT score . . .
If you look at Vassar’s Common Data Set, only 3% of their enrolled students had an SAT under 1400. That’s not quite as bad as it sounds, as only 26% of their enrolled students even submitted an SAT score, and only 13% submitted an ACT (and probably a few of those were already among the 26% submitting an SAT). So a lot of kids are getting into Vassar test optional.
But this is just underscoring that to get admitted to Vassar, you will need to persuade them based on the rest of your application, including but not limited to your overall academic record.
At Amherst, 30% had under a 1400 (among the 38% submitting), and at Wesleyan it was 41% (among the 52% submitting). But before you see that as a good sign for you, I think you should understand likely most, possibly close to all, of those enrollees were recruited athletes where submitting such an SAT would actually help them satisfy a pre-read requirement. Just to do some math, 30% of 38% is 11.4%, and 41% of 52% is 21.3%, and both of those numbers are plausibly at least mostly within the percentage of their classes which are recruited athletes.
So my point is again I think if you are not a recruited athlete, these colleges will likely only seriously consider you if the rest of your academic record, on its own, persuades them you are the sort of student they are looking for. Which it might, but I don’t know because you didn’t give any of those details.
As a final thought, it appears there are a lot of people who think applying ED will automatically give every applicant a “boost”. This makes no sense from the colleges’ perspective. Indeed, if they are sure they would not want you RD, it makes no sense to accept you ED. If they are unsure if they would want you RD, they can defer you. So it really never makes sense for them to accept you ED unless they are quite sure they would want you RD too.
Again, this does not mean you will not be admitted to any of these colleges, either ED or after being deferred to RD or just applying RD. But I would just emphasize that merely applying ED is unlikely to really make a material difference. What will matter is whether your overall application makes them really want you, which will likely depend in part on your overall academic record making them think you would do well in a variety of classes.
