Second the Phoenix Zoo and Papago park, next to each other. The Desert Botanical Garden is right there as well for educational exhibits on different desert habitats, fantastic cactus displays, and room to roam. Downtown Tempe as well as Scottsdale are a 10 minute drive away. Old Town Scottsdale has a pedestrian area to wander with fountains and little walkways that my kids enjoyed when they were little, with cowboy sculptures, as well as galleries and shops. My favorite shop as a kid was Mexican Imports on Brown Ave. Many things there to appeal to all ages. AZ 88 is a rather fun, if pricey place to eat, also on the mall. Also in the area is one of the more reliable Mexican restaurants, Los Olivos.
For archaeology, this: https://www.phoenix.gov/parks/arts-culture-history/pueblo-grande
If anyone is interested in music, the Musical Instrument Museum is fantastic, but yours might be a bit young. North Scottsdale.
Second Lost Dutchman Trail for hiking, but it is a trek from Tempe and Scottsdale, much less Phoenix. But the desert is beautiful in that direction. The trail goes up a canyon, and rewards with an incredible view at the top, but that is a longer hike.
The Palo Solari studios, Cosanti can help all of you think of creative to house people, in north Phoenix/Paradise Valley. While driving north, Arcosanti is just off the highway and has tours as well as lunch. https://arcosanti.org/visit_us
Also on the way north, are Montezuma’s Castle, Sedona with Slide Rock and or Red Rock Crossing State Park, the drive up Oak Creek Canyon, and Jerome. Just walking on the red rocks is fun for kids. Drive up to Airport Mesa for hikes and great views over Sedona.
Museum of Northern AZ in Flagstaff is great for history of the peoples of the area. North from Flagstaff, there is a loop that includes Sunset Crater and Wupatki National Monument. Grand Canyon Caverns is a cave to visit a bit off the road returning from the Grand Canyon. Have fun. There is a lifetime worth of exploration in AZ.