<p>Brando,</p>
<p>The numbers I quoted were for sciences and engineering - from what little I have seen, humanities is more competitive with gpa. Your writing TA can probably add a 0.2 or so to those gpa’s I listed.</p>
<p>As to the non-gpa issues:</p>
<p>GRE</p>
<p>GRE’s are only ever really used as a disqualifier - they show a certain minimum level of basic competence, and once you clear that the committees become more interested in other criteria.</p>
<p>LOR’s</p>
<p>LOR’s are very important for ANY school, because they are people saying “I’m just like you, professor, and I know this guy pretty well and if I were you I would take him.” It is importance that you have a strong academic reference, and if you have done research it is crucial that you either have your advisor gives you an LOR or else get published so they know your research was worthwhile. You need one more, but as long as you have at least one long-term (preferably 1+ years of interaction) reference the other two can be just okay.</p>
<p>SOP</p>
<p>Important, but there are lots of resources on writing them. This is not a writing sample, it’s where you make your case and prove that you area good fit for the program.</p>
<p>Fit</p>
<p>No school will want you if you do not match up to one or more of the faculty. If you want to study computational fluid mechanics and they have no one doing it, they will not admit you even if you have a 4.00 gpa, 1600 GRE, and LOR’s from the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.</p>
<p>Okay, that’s not entirely true - those LOR’s will carry enough weight in some schools.</p>
<p>Masters/PhD</p>
<p>In general, masters programs are easier to get into but they are usually self-funded. PhD programs are harder to get into but are usually fully-funded - make that almost always for science/engineering. Also note that some schools accept a lot of masters students (Stanford EE) while others accept none at all (MIT EE).</p>
<p>Ivy League</p>
<p>Getting into the humanities at an Ivy is probably one of the hardest things in grad education - they really ARE some of the best schools in those areas, and they have established long and arcane lists of expectations which are hard to meet if you did not do your undergrad at another Ivy. Plus they can be snotty about your academic pedigree.</p>
<p>Top Schools</p>
<p>Ivy or not, there are a few things to bear in mind about the top schools. Everyone applying there will have good gpa and gre, and probably a ton of research and strong LOR’s. They will get picky about little things, and small factors that you would not even consider can drop you because the competition is just that good.</p>
<p>Top schools are always fickle, and without having all the apps in front of you it is very hard to understand why a given person was rejected, or waitlisted, or accepted. If you are going to apply to a top school you should probably apply to several, because it is just not reasonable to expect you will get into that one just because you were the top person at your undergrad.</p>