Looks like OP will be a transfer at Dartmouth:
Transfer Eligibility
- Students who have matriculated at a college and who have completed two years or fewer of college coursework—even if they have attended for one term or fewer—are only eligible for transfer admission.
At UChicago, OP would be a first year applicant if they attend ASU (or any college) for less than one term:
If you have already completed at least one term as a full-time student in a bachelor’s degree-seeking program at another college or university, you should apply as a transfer student.
At Cornell these are the transfer eligibility rules:
Transfer Applicants
Students are considered transfer applicants if they have:
Completed a high school diploma (or an equivalent)
Earned at least 12 semester hours of college credit (not including exams such as Advanced Placement) after graduating high school
If a student has earned 12 or more semester hours of credit since completing high school (or earning an equivalent), they must apply as a transfer.
If a student has enrolled as a full-time student at another institution, they must apply as a transfer.
And the UMass Amherst rules:
Transfer
A high school graduate or GED/HiSet recipient who has enrolled as a full-time degree student or who has attempted 12 or more credits of college study post high school graduation and is applying to a four-year bachelor’s degree program.