Why is South bashing acceptable?

<p>While I don’t entirely embrace Dross’ contention that the south has no redeeming qualities, I think the logic he expresses in post #138 is pretty much unimpeachable. I too, have always been miffed and mystified by the love affair white southerners have for the south’s icons of oppression. For example, its reverently restored old plantations where the lifestyle of “southern gentility”, a lifestyle built upon the backs of a people it unapologetically robbed of their basic humanity, is worshiped . Someone please explain the to me the hallowed monuments to confederate war generals, and southerners’ obsession with civil war reinactments. And while you’re at it, please enlighten me on why certain southern states (like Virginia) when faced with the prospect of officially honoring just one black man for his brave advocacy of basic human rights, would only do so if they could mandate that the same day be set aside to honor two men who stood in diametric opposition to everything the black man stood for. I am, of course, referring to “Lee/Jackson/king day”. (I suppose some on this thread feel that black people shouldn’t feel insulted by this.) Why is it that, after having been, dragged kicking and screaming into compliance with the Supreme Court’s mandate to desegregate it’s schools, Virginia renamed all the negro schools that had originally been named after prominent black men, but preserved the names of schools honoring the likes of Jefferson Davis? And why the reverence for the Confederate flag? I’m willing to try to understand. But first, someone has to explain it to me. Someone has to make it make sense.</p>

<p>Drosselmeier is no ■■■■■. He’s been a member of CC for years, and he didn’t start this thread. Someone asked about “South bashing”, and he just weighed in with his very real perspectives. You don’t have to agree, but at least address specifically some of his very cogent points before dismissing his views as irrelevant.</p>

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This is the kind of overgeneralization that miffs me. Are there some civil war buffs around? Sure. Do some small group of history buffs occasionally do reenactments? Sure. I’ve never seen one in my 33 years living in 2 different states in the South. It is not some major part of southern life. Aspects of the Southern history may not be a positive part of the US’s history, but it is part of our history, and part of some people’s family history. No one is doing re-enactments of selling slaves in the Charleston market, for petes sake. But why is having some reenactment of southern history any different from Williamsburg? To speak as if this as some organized activity of every resident of the south is just downright insulting, as is drossel’s selective parcing of words and statements from posts that he then uses as a springboard for his own agenda. Sure he’s been a longtime poster-- and from my recollection he likes to stir the pot and incite emotional reactions. That, poetheart, is a ■■■■■. He speaks about “the south” as if it is one congealed glob of earth and humanity, and in insulting terms, addressing stuff from centuries ago as if it was still a current event. He talks about being enslaved as if it was going to happen tomorrow. Look, there are idiots in the north and idiots in the south. There are bigots in both places, and there were slave owners in both places . But neither have slaves now. Move on already. And there are great, wise, cultured people in both areas as well. For him to put down the entire bottom half of the US is bizarre, to say the least. If he has a personal issue with his past, well I am sorry for him. But to insult everyone who happens to live here, to repeatedly use the word “inferior” at every opportunity is confrontational. He knows it- and so do you. You were just a tad more diplomatic. By his own report he hasn’t lived here in a long time. Things are probably quite different. I am glad he found refuge in the north. I like the north. I am from the north. But I don’t think it or its resources are “superior”, with the exception of the aforementioned bagels and bakeries. And many northerners could use a few lessons in manners.</p>

<p>This wasn’t a thread about a history lesson. It was a thread about why people feel the need to insult and put down the south. Dross used it (and will no doubt continue to) use it as an opportunity to pour salt into the wound.</p>

<p>poetsheart, do you mean that my alma mater, Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk, has been renamed? What is it now? News to me.</p>

<p>Be careful of generalizations. </p>

<p>Were you in high school in the 70’s when desegregation was going on? I was. </p>

<p>Has every Southerner you’ve met had a “reverence for the Confederate flag”? </p>

<p>jym, I’d add “I’ll snatch you baldheaded” and “ugly as a mud fence”.</p>

<p>I strongly disagree with the contention that Dross was trying to “incite” emotional reactions. The topic itself is very emotional for him, based on his own experiences, experiences which by and large have not been positive, experiences that spring from certain aspects of southern history and culture (an over-arching zeitgeist, I suppose you could call it) that sought to erase his very humanity. I don’t recall him ever saying that everyone who lives in the south is guilty of his oppression. But, I do understand to a great extent where he’s coming from. </p>

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<p>No doubt, the Civil War is a riveting point in American History, and I totally understand peoples’ fascination with it. But I’m referring to the worship of it’s southern icons, the respect people maintain for the recreation of it’s basic tenets, which were indeed, Anti-American. They do absolutely fly in the face of all that America has always said it stands for. Can you deny that? What overwhelmingly defined the south, as opposed to the north, was it’s government mandated oppression of a people. Things like it’s slow pace of living, cuisine, and cordiality were just window dressing, lipstick on the pig, so to speak. Of course, things have changed radically in the south, which is why I don’t subscribe to Dross’ assessment of the current South as a cultural entity. Whether or not the influx of Northerners into the South accounts for many of the vast improvements I observe everyday, I can’t say. But I will say that I’ve lived in parts of the North and been completely unprepared for many of the covert forms of racism which I encountered there. In light of them, I’m just as inclined to stay put as to move north in the interest of racial equality. The quality of life offered to black people in the part of Virginia in which I live has improved dramatically, so dramatically that I can live un-harrassed with my white husband and our bi-racial kids. But I’m not blind to the hurtful remnant of Virginia’s oft celebrated “heritage”. Forgive me if it doesn’t give me the same warm fuzzies many whites seem to experience when waxing poetic about “The Old South”.</p>

<h2>“I see no baby where the South is concerned. There is only dirty water here, and it is worthy of being thrown out. As Northerners and others move into the South, the dirty water is being thrown out.”</h2>

<p>Oh, are we talking about those Northerners descended from the Irish of the Five Points, or descendents of NYC “Klanbake” Democrats, or perhaps we are going to be taught racial tolerance by some old school Boston Southie? Or maybe it’s just accident that many of our major NORTHERN US cities rank among the most segregated in the US. </p>

<p>Oh gosh…I just can’t wait to be enlightened. Please tell these folks to hurry on down.</p>

<p>Btw jymmie makes a point about African Americans fleeing the south to northern cities. And do we all remember from our history books what occurred after that? The second coming of the Klan, in those northern cities. </p>

<p>Sadly, racism is not confined to a certain geographic area or a period in history. Right now, it is very politically correct to bash Hispanics and make sweeping generalizations about this group of people because we have the illegal immigration argument to conveniently cover some of the nasty racism that lies beneath. </p>

<p>Now I’m not saying every proponent of the Great Wall of America is a racist, nor am I saying every Northerner is unenlightened. But, dross, do not try to resurrect that Mason Dixon line and park your smug self on the north side of it. You prove nothing by doing so.</p>

<p>Tiredofsnow, I stand corrected. Booker T. Washington apparently survived the purge. But at least two schools here on the Virginia Peninsula (the Old Frederick Douglas School, and The old James Weldon Johnson School) were stripped of their black names, while schools like Jefferson Davis Middle School (the one my children attended), and Robert E. Lee Elementary, still honor their confederate icons. It is my understanding that this phenomenon was not uncommon throughout the state.</p>

<p>So, poetsheart, you didn’t answer my question. When you said that “Virginia renamed all the negro schools that had orginially been named after prominent black men”, did you forget about Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk? When you make blanket all/none statements it diminishes your position. Others might read your post and accept all you say at face value, but when I know one part of it is patently untrue it makes me question what you are saying.</p>

<p>I think that “the slow pace of living, cuisine, and cordiality were just window dressing, lipstick on a pig” is another generalization. You can’t possibly know the people I knew growing up and think that they were faking those things to cover up the “government mandated oppresssion of a people”. Trust me, they were trying to make ends meet and feed their families. Because they did it with a modicum of generosity and graciousness is not something for which they should be belittled. </p>

<p>Once again, your generalizations greatly weaken your argument.</p>

<p>And to you and Dross, what about the excellent literature that’s come out of the South? Faulkner, Robert Penn Warren, Eudora Welty, Pat Conroy, David Sedaris for goodness sakes?</p>

<p>Poetsheart, thanks for the clarification. I am not familiar with the history of the schools you mentioned, and your point is valid. Again, I just ask that ALL of us be careful about making sweeping generalizations. They are hurtful and unproductive.</p>

<p>btw…We say…‘looks likes like he was beaten with an ugly stick’…or ‘he’s so ugly, his mama takes him everywhere, so she doesn’t have to kiss him goodbye.’</p>

<p>And then there’s the one about ‘stickin’ a bow on a pig’…lol!</p>

<p>Come to think of it…I could list dozens of sayings just on the topic of livestock. (I’m embarrassed to say…)</p>

<p>…or “that baby is so ugly you’d have to tie a pork chop around his neck to get the dog to play with him”…</p>

<p>“But you still seem to think the South is somehow responsible for all the bad attributes of the AA culture and none of the good? Oh… the sweeping generalizations you make.”</p>

<p>Never said “all” anything here. Let it suffice for me to say that the “bad attributes” to which you allude were created deliberately, in the South, for blacks, and held in place by law for almost the entire time we have existed in America. So you bet your fatback and collard greens the South is responsible for them.</p>

<p>Yet, I have long maintained that blacks are moral agents and are therefore responsible too. We need not continue responding to the past as we have, living in despair and anger, then acting it out when opportunity permits. There are more constructive ways to deal with this. One of these, I am convinced, is by having a Southectomy, not merely fleeing the South in fear, but an open, rational and unabashed awareness that the South, its historic nonsense against blacks, its general hick boorishness, is simply beneath us and unworthy of our children. We may live in the South. In fact, perhaps some of us should, but I think we ought never be Southerners.</p>

<p>I also think the North is responsible, but the North, unlike the South, never tried to codify the problem explicitly into Federal Law. We must look at the issue in context of its time. For example, against extraordinary pressure to be explicit about slavery, the then young American government refused to assent. We must give the country credit there. Moreover, many whites in America could have continued to work in concert against us as they did for centuries, but they didn’t. Indeed many of them endured severe difficulty because of their superior principle. I gladly honor these people. They didn’t have to do anything but enjoy being white, but they struggled for the good. These people, the country they defended, and the philosophy that now under girds it, are all worth too much to allow me to cavalierly show honor to a corrupt South that once warred to upend it all.</p>

<p>“This is the kind of overgeneralization that miffs me. Are there some civil war buffs around? Sure.”</p>

<p>You here reduce the claim of official and public support for institutions that honor Confederate leaders, to an irrelevant claim of the existence of “Civil War buffs”. The existence of Civil War buffs was never an issue. The issue concerns using public money to build money, roads, schools, and other institutions in honor of people who aimed to perpetually dishonor human nature. It is especially heinous because the South uses the very lives of the sort of people it harmed to now fund the memory of those who fought for the right to harm them. Only in an inferior culture could such lunacy thrive. It thrives in the South.</p>

<p>“Aspects of the Southern history may not be a positive part of the US’s history, but it is part of our history, and part of some people’s family history.”</p>

<p>Honor and reverence for human nature would by no means permit an entire culture to compel the public honor of this ‘not positive’ history, using funds that come in part from the very sorts of people the culture once fought to enslave by its own Federal law. In my view, that alone demonstrates the cultural inferiority of the South.</p>

<p>“No one is doing re-enactments of selling slaves in the Charleston market, for petes sake.”</p>

<p>But they are compelling black folk via tax law to support the positive memory of the people who aimed to enslave black folks. Which is even more heinous. I personally would not care if the South did enactments of selling slaves, as long as it did it with private money on private property. But when it compels by use of public funds my honoring those who literally fought to deny my humanity, well, one might imagine that as an American I won’t take this lightly. This is what the South does each and every day. It is culturally inferior because of it. I do not think my saying this is out of line or in poor taste, however difficult it may be for you to handle. I do not attack any person, but instead the culture that permits such hick boorishness to flourish officially, BY LAW, as it now does in the South.</p>

<p>“But why is having some reenactment of southern history any different from Williamsburg? To speak as if this as some organized activity of every resident of the south is just downright insulting, as is drossel’s selective parcing of words and statements from posts that he then uses as a springboard for his own agenda.”</p>

<p>Well, I never said any of this. I do not care anything about re-enactments funded by private citizens. I could not care any less than I now do about it. I care about compelling blacks to pay for honoring people who literally fought for the right to enslave blacks. There is no honor at all in the South’s doing this. It is morally inferior because of it. That is quite a valid and even reasonable position for an American to take. It challenges the premise of this thread.</p>

<p>“Sure he’s been a longtime poster-- and from my recollection he likes to stir the pot and incite emotional reactions. That, poetheart, is a ■■■■■.”</p>

<p>I do not see how I “like” to incite emotional reactions anymore than the OP. He asked a question, and by golly I answered it. If he did not wish to be challenged with an answer, then perhaps he ought not have asked it publicly. I am telling why South bashing is acceptable, depending on the definition of “bashing”. It is acceptable because, even today, the South permits dishonor against human nature to be honored and even compels the very people it once harmed to honor this ridiculous dishonor. That, my dear friend, is cultural inferiority in a nutshell.</p>

<p>“He speaks about “the south” as if it is one congealed glob of earth and humanity, and in insulting terms, addressing stuff from centuries ago as if it was still a current event.”</p>

<p>But of course it is a current event. Lee-Jackson Day exists in Virginia, and since poetsheart is a Virginian, she is compelled to pay for it by Southern law, though both Lee and Jackson fought for the right to enslave people just like her. It is an utter abomination against human dignity. When Virginia’s government forced through its holiday, far from winning any victory, it merely proved its inferior quality and insensitivity toward dignity.</p>

<p>“He talks about being enslaved as if it was going to happen tomorrow.”</p>

<p>I do not. When blacks are forced to pay for their own dishonor by a Southern government, the enslavement already exists.</p>

<p>“Look, there are idiots in the north and idiots in the south. There are bigots in both places, and there were slave owners in both places . But neither have slaves now. Move on already.”</p>

<p>Very well. Let no one compel the public support of his own dishonor, and perhaps we pave the way to move on already. But while the South cries “move on already!” it is in every single southern place I have visited slipping in compelled dishonor. It wants to dishonor blacks, and have the blacks take it with no issue at all. There is no culture in America except Southern culture, that is so inferior, and so blind about human dignity, that such a thing can thrive as it does down there.</p>

<p>“And there are great, wise, cultured people in both areas as well. For him to put down the entire bottom half of the US is bizarre, to say the least.”</p>

<p>I only describe the very real and powerful insults against human decency that take place every single day in the South. They mean little to you because you were never told in official government documents that you were not human. And no one ever died to fight for the right to make sure you were never considered human. It is therefore quite easy for you to whine about ‘moving on’. LOL. The man who is aware of himself, of his place as a fully thinking human being, would be incensed that the honor of another creature of his specie is being treated with such cavalier disdain as that of blacks in the South.</p>

<p>“If he has a personal issue with his past, well I am sorry for him. But to insult everyone who happens to live here, to repeatedly use the word “inferior” at every opportunity is confrontational.”</p>

<p>I disagree. I think asking the question “Why is South bashing acceptable?” and then getting one’s bra turned backwards when one answers it is confrontational. My comments have nothing to do with “everyone who happens to live here”. Poetsheart lives there, and yet I do not insult her. I do not insult you, if you could just calm down and hear the actual point I have made here repeatedly, instead of projecting into this discussion your apparent insecurities about being a neo-southerner.</p>

<p>“He knows it- and so do you. You were just a tad more diplomatic. By his own report he hasn’t lived here in a long time. Things are probably quite different. I am glad he found refuge in the north. I like the north. I am from the north. But I don’t think it or its resources are “superior”…”</p>

<p>Great, friend. This is your opinion about the South. I disagree with it and have given my reasons. That is why these sorts of forums are so great. I have not attacked any person, any race, or any inherent feature of anyone. I have only rejected the abominable culture of a region, and even spelled out exactly why I reject it. In the process, I answered the question “Why is Southern bashing acceptable?”</p>

<p>“This wasn’t a thread about a history lesson. It was a thread about why people feel the need to insult and put down the south. Dross used it (and will no doubt continue to) use it as an opportunity to pour salt into the wound.”</p>

<p>I needed to refer to the history to answered the thread’s question. Apparently you just wished everyone would agree that speaking against the South is wrong. I am explaining why I have the need to put down the South. It is worthy of being put down for all the reasons I have given. That is my opinion. You need not be so touchy about it. It is not as if I have attacked you, your race, or anything like it. I am only attacking the very real and disgusting ills against human dignity that exists in Southern culture. I have explained this, and I think my reasons here are quite valid. This dishonor exists throughout the South and I think it lies at the cause of the South’s inferior culture. Historically, southern culture has suppressed valid human expression virulently, and still does.</p>

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<p>Yes, I was enrolled in Virginia schools during desegregation. I was still in elementary school when it was carried out in Williamsburg. By the time I entered High School, schools had been desegregated for about 5 years. </p>

<p>I would never presume to assert that “every southerner” reveres the confederate flag. Wherever did I make such a claim? What I assert is that, in relatively recent history, there had been a sizable enough Confederate-flag-revering portion of the population able to mount a strong lobby for its display from government buildings in many southern states. </p>

<p>I’ll give you another example that galls me. When the late great Jesse Helms very recently went to his reward:rolleyes:, The State of South Carolina saw fit to order that all official flags be flown at half-mast, in honor of the “venerable statesman”. Never mind that Senator Helms was reelected for over thirty years, in no small part because he voted against virtually every piece of Civil Rights legislation that ever came before congress. His racist views, and advocacy of segregationist policy was his single greatest legacy, yet South Carolina saw fit to officially mourn his passing. I can assure you that most black South Carolinians (a sizable percentage of S.C’s population) were saying, “good riddance!” That was my reaction upon hearing of his death.</p>

<p>And no, I’m not ashamed to say that.</p>

<p>“Oh, are we talking about those Northerners descended from the Irish of the Five Points, or descendents of NYC “Klanbake” Democrats, or perhaps we are going to be taught racial tolerance by some old school Boston Southie? Or maybe it’s just accident that many of our major NORTHERN US cities rank among the most segregated in the US.”</p>

<p>Please. With the Industrial Revolution, and the near collapse of the cotton market prior to the Gin, vast numbers of Southern whites moved north to get jobs. Many of these formed the group known as the Copperheads. They were still Southerners, but lived in the North, and they very much harbored inferior Southern culture, and very much sympathized with the South. Their descendants still exist in the North. Also, white immigrants to the North were racist for their own unique reasons. I do not claim racism does not exist in the North. It certainly does. But I need not write a check each year to pay for honoring it. Northern culture, for all its weaknesses, values human expression too much to allow that. I think this is why its overall culture is superior to the South’s.</p>

<p>“So, poetsheart, you didn’t answer my question. When you said that “Virginia renamed all the negro schools that had orginially been named after prominent black men”, did you forget about Booker T. Washington High School in Norfolk? When you make blanket all/none statements it diminishes your position. Others might read your post and accept all you say at face value, but when I know one part of it is patently untrue it makes me question what you are saying.”</p>

<p>Well, I suggest questioning it even if you think it all true. Just because one school did not meet the claim does not warrant a denial of the very real history poetsheart mentions. Norfolk only has the largest naval base in the world, and as a result has long brought in vast numbers of non-southerners who have influenced the region. That this school did not have a name change is understandable. Also, this is undoubtedly why poetsheart can live comfortably in Norfolk. She lives there comfortably for the same essential reason that blacks of Northern Virginia live there comfortably. These are pockets of culture driven mostly by outsiders.</p>

<p>“And to you and Dross, what about the excellent literature that’s come out of the South? Faulkner, Robert Penn Warren, Eudora Welty, Pat Conroy, David Sedaris for goodness sakes?”</p>

<p>What about it? A lot of complete nonsense exists in the South, making interesting fodder for anyone who is able to capture it. Also, it is not that the South has no culture at all, or has never produced a great individual writer in general. Many so-called “southerners” also have strong northern influence from recent ancestors from the North. Sedaris, is one of these for exmaple. It is that pound for pound the southern production is inferior to the North’s. For every Faulkner, the North has produced a dozen Thoreaus and Hemingways.</p>

<p>I myself subscribe to the idea that culture is transcendent of nationality, ethnicity, etc. And I do think that the idea that one culture can be superior to another is true. </p>

<p>For example a culture of civil rights > culture of Aztec human sacrifices. </p>

<p>Drosselmeier’s crime in this thread has been mentioned by another post – “throwing out the baby with the bathwater”.</p>

<p>“Drosselmeier’s crime in this thread has been mentioned by another post – ‘throwing out the baby with the bathwater’.”</p>

<p>It’s a kind thing to imply that there is even a baby in the South. But when the culture officially extols people who fought and died for the right to enslave human beings, and it does this not yesterday, but right now, even compelling blacks to pay for it, I only see bathwater. The baby is long gone, if ever it existed.</p>

<p>Why the hypocracy, dross? Why parse posts with generalizations (eg, "I never said “all”), but speak in sweeping generalizations yourself about the south? And somehow again, “the south” DELIBERATELY created bad attributes for blacks? Puleeze. </p>

<p>Circular logic permeates Dross’s posts. If there is culture ( e.g. music, art) in the south, it is because the artists came from the north (So? They chose to move to the South). If there is talent in the South (eg Kenny Leon), well, never mind his many, many years of incredible involvement in the Arts community in the south-- he must have “wised up”, as he the got out of dodge and headed north, where the “real” artists are. That’s the logic? Good grief. Many artists move out of NY and to Calif. I guess they “wised up” too.</p>

<p>How do we have convenient amnesia for things that occurred in the North-- the treatment of the Northern Indians when the colonies were settled, the activities of the Mafia/the mob, massacring people in cold blood, the activities of notorious gangsters, etc. etc. The “north” has had its bad history too.</p>

<p>The narcissism persists. Comments posted in response to poetsheart were assumed to be posted in response to dross. The commonality seems to be in the sweeping generalizations and exaggerations (eg “southerners’ obsession with civil war reinactments”) There is simply no such “obsession”, especially in this day and age. and I don’t believe this nonsense

not for one second. Blowing the BS whistle on that one, regardless of whether public or private funds were used. But wait-- that line was used as another opportunity to throw out that tired old “culturally inferior” line again. Sigh. Nobody fought to deny “your humanity”. This isn’t about you. Or is it? Or is this one of those sweeping overgeneralizations you then pull apart elsewhere? And if every citizen got to choose what taxes they felt the wanted to, or should pay for, well, why even begin to go there? I am “forced” to pay county school taxes when my kids never attended public school. And our county tried to put religion back in the science texts. Instead of whining, people got involved, and got it changed. We are all “forced” to pay taxes for things we may not agree with. So go vote. Go protest. Go run for office. But stop whining. </p>

<p>

Good grief-- this is absurd. Since when did the exasperation of one poster become the voice of “the south”? And no one told YOU that YOU were not human. Why are you personalizing this as if this was happening here and now?? It isn’t. Stop living in the past. I would encourage you to work to make a postive change where you feel it is necessary- not just harp on the past. Get involved. Don’t hurl insults (no one is feeling “insecure” unless you are). Try thinking positively, not negatively. Build upon the good, don’t dwell on the bad.</p>

<p>My relatives, my ancestors were tortured and burned in crematories in Germany. My ancestors, centuries ago, were enslaved long before yours were. I suffered discrimination and ignorance too. I was asked where my horns were for gosh sake. Many of us have experienced discrimination- overt and covert. Women are discriminated against in the workplace all the time. </p>

<p>I lived though desegregation too. In 3rd grade I went to play with a classmate at her home in the projects, but before I was allowed to go, meetings were held between the school principal and the parents to determine if it was safe for a little white jewish girl to go play with her friend, or if she’d get attacked while there. And this was in the north.</p>

<p>This constant condemnation of every state south of the Mason Dixon is really getting tiresome. Sadly, predudice still exists, and is being railed at the people who happen to live in the southern US.</p>

<p>Poetsheart - What about Maggie L. Walker Government School for Government and International Studies in Richmond? I believe it is considered one of the top schools in the country. I just wanted to give another example of a school that survived a name change. Please be careful when you make sweeping statements.</p>

<p>And Benjamin Banneker HS, and Washington HS (named after Booker T. Washington) and Carver HS (George Washington Carver) all in metro Atlanta, to name a few. The entire south is not as you describe it in VA.</p>

<p>I grew up in a town of about 20,000 people in south central Virginia. When I was in elementary school, we still had “freedom of choice” elementary schools, which meant that those schools were mostly, but not entirely, single-race. The middle school, junior high school, and high school, however, were entirely integrated–this was in the early and mid-70’s. To me, what was happening in that town then, and since, and in many others, is what gives the lie to Drosselmeier’s generalizations. There has been an enormous, although gradual, change in racial attitudes in the South. This is evidenced in countless ways, including success of black politicians, and increasing integration–again, gradual–of various institutions. Sure, there are still racists, and there are still vestiges and symbols of past oppression, but the changes have been huge.
All the stuff about the inferiority of southern culture is just ignorant nonsense, of course.</p>