<p>In our area, quarter grades are, indeed, averaged into the final year or semester long grade for a class. Each quarter is worth a full 20% of the final grade. If the GC was also upset about this I am guessing that the physics teacher’s actions did have the potential to affect the actual grade.</p>
<p>But I’m not clear about what aspect of the physics teacher’s statement to the GC was untruthful. He first told your D “he couldn’t put anything other than a zero into the Excel spreadsheet for grades for the two missing labs.” Then he told the GC "he always puts zeroes into spreadsheet in anticipation of kids not doing the make-up work. One could interpret “couldn’t” to mean the same thing as “against his policy” unless the teacher clearly stated that the software would not <em>allow</em> him to omit the two labs manually. But if he was able to override the program and it did affect the quarter grade, then yes, it was completely inappropriate, most especially as relates to the observance of a religious holiday. </p>
<p>As to whether your D was given any clear deadline by which to finish up those two labs - I may be wrong, but I am reading the story to be suggesting that she was told to hand them in whenever - for one thing, the teacher didn’t say anything about the labs being past an imposed deadline to the GC. In our school district there is a clear policy on missed work needing to be made up within a certain number of days from an absence. Discretion can be given by a teacher for circumstances. But in the absence of such a policy, IMO, no downgrading was deserved. </p>
<p>In our area, the kids don’t get any quizzes or exams ever returned to them. I am sure that mistakes are made in grading that are never caught because of this. Students look tests over in class (sometimes briefly, sometimes more at length) and then it has to go back to the teacher. I am sure that there are a couple of reasons for this: teachers probably recycle the same test over and over again and they don’t have to listen to student or parental feedback on why this or that question was marked right or wrong. In addition, I can see where an argument can be made that this ensures even standards of grading between sections of a class and even from one year to the next, even as it saves teachers the time and effort that go into writing them. On the whole, though, I feel it is a disservice to students, some of whom would benefit from more time to go over answers in depth at home. And since knowledge is built upon in a cumulative way and is tested that way as well, it is minimizing the use of something that can be a valuable resource.</p>