<p>“I haven’t and didn’t forget the Spartans. They are irrelevant to the issue unless you have some new evidence that Thucydides was actually a Spartan and writing about Spartans. The Spartans were also amateur soldiers in the sense that they were not paid but, of course, they trained incessantly for war, so they were the best infantry of their day.”</p>
<p>Training incessantly, and having that as your only job in life, makes them professionals in my book. Whether compensation was in money, upkeep, or some other form is irrelevant. And Thucydides didn’t have to be a Spartan to comment on the Spartans; I suspect he was well qualified having both fought them as a commander during, and having traveled amongst them as a historian, after the Peloponnesian War.</p>
<p>"As for the “spirit of the citizen soldier lives on in the [US armed force and etc.], do you have any evidence of this? How would one measure “spirit” and specifically “citizen soldier spirit”? Do you have survey results? The US armed forces are professional armed forces. I cannot tell any difference from the “spirit” of the wholly professional 19th century British army.”</p>
<p>Let me use the word “mold” instead of “spirit” if you prefer. Were you in the 19th century British army?</p>
<p>“I seriously doubt that Thucydides thought that men caught up in battle in the front ranks of a phalanx needed to rely on scholarship to perform well. He was almost certainly talking about generalship, such as it was at that time.”</p>
<p>Obviously.</p>
<p>“Greek armies weren’t small by choice. They were small because 10,000 hoplites was about all even the largest cities could muster at one time.”</p>
<p>Small is relative. The Greek world had a much smaller population than ours. Comparatively speaking their armies, and the casualties they suffered - particularly in naval battles - were a much greater percentage of their population than the more recent conflicts. When one-quarter of your army is lost to plague in the opening years of what amounts to a world war, that’s not small.</p>
<p>“As for modern officers being “scholars,” once again, you use the term very differently from the way Thucydides would have meant it. Thucydides didn’t mean someone who studied tactics, engineering, and/or military history. He meant, basically, philosophers.”</p>
<p>Really; what’s your source? I’d be inclined to believe he meant leaders who were versed in a wide range of knowledge, to include both all of those things you though he didn’t mean as well as philosophy. I’m basing my opinion on my interpretation of his works as told in the History of the Peloponesian War and I don’t recall him elaborating on the point of what makes a scholarly soldier.</p>
<p>“I had many, many, many discussions with officers of all ranks when I was doing my dissertation on the impact of culture, training, and custom on the military performance of an Israeli brigade. They were of above average intelligence, but they were not philosophers in the mold of Socrates, Plato, and others who fought in the phalanx.”</p>
<p>I’d imagine philosophers of that caliber of Socrates and Plato were as exceedingly rare in the Greek phalanx as in an Israeli brigade. I think that supports my reasoning of why I don’t believe Thucydides was limiting education to philosophy when he commented on the value of an educated warrior. What practical value could the allegory of the cave have on a trimarine about to ram an enemy ship?</p>
<p>“The point I’m trying to make is that Thucydides comes from a different time and was writing for that time and place. But almost everyone takes him out of context.”</p>
<p>Speak for yourself. I’ll stand by my interpretation of Thucydides quote as relevant today as it was when he said it. If you recall the History of the Peloponesian War (you did read it, didn’t you), perhaps the most interesting and astounding lesson to be gotten from that work is that the world and people have hardly changed at all in the past 2,500 years since Thucydides wrote it. Change the names and places and it could have been written today.</p>