Gov. Timothy M. Kaine met Tuesday with Korean Americans and promised to reevaluate mental health outreach to immigrants after community leaders pleaded with him for more funding and resources. </p>
<p>Although mental health problems still carry a stigma in many cultures, they can be especially hard to identify in immigrant populations where people may not know if problems are internal or related to the stresses of adjusting to a new country. </p>
<p>Theodore Kim, of the Korean American Association of Greater Washington, said Korean Americans were rendered “completely speechless” by news that the gunman was from their community. </p>
<p>“Unfortunately, our diligence and helping hand failed to reach Seung-Hui Cho,” he said tearfully. “How could this happen?” </p>
<p>In the video sent to NBC, Cho exhibits clear signs of a serious mental disorder, said Dr. Damian Kim, a New York City psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. “The main culprit here is mental disease — schizophrenia, the paranoid type,” he said. </p>
<p>Kim, who specializes in mental health among immigrants, acknowledged that there is no way to know Cho’s true condition without having evaluated him. But he said Cho’s sense of persecution and reports he had imaginary friends suggest schizophrenia. </p>
<p>“When it becomes chronic, they have a knack for hiding their pathology,” he said, “so the family may not have thought there was anything seriously wrong.” </p>
<p>The Rev. Dihan Lee of the Open Door Presbyterian Church in Herndon says many parents are unsure when their children are merely adjusting to U.S. life — or need outside help. </p>
<p>“If you come to this country and your child has to deal with learning the language, fitting into the culture, and they show behavior problems or are socially awkward, you chalk it up to just trying to fit in,” he said. </p>
<p>Even if the parents suspect a serious problem, they may hesitate to seek help, said Kim. “Saving face” is paramount to Koreans, who are fiercely proud and protective of their family name and reputation. The shame of one is shared by all, he said. </p>
<p>Church is the backbone of many Korean communities in the U.S., serving not only as a place of worship but also as a community center. But mental health is rarely addressed there. </p>
<p>“Koreans wouldn’t want people to know their child is mentally unstable. Who would want that stigma to follow him?” said Henry Pak, 32, of Rockville, Md. </p>
<p>One pastor said Cho’s mother went from church to church looking for someone to counsel her troubled son. </p>
<p>“They went around seeking help for their son ever since he stopped talking 10 years ago,” said Bong-han Kim, an assistant pastor at the One Mind Church of Washington in Springfield. </p>
<p>News that the gunman was Korean set off a torrent of discussion — and reflection — among Korean Americans, who debated whether pressures within the community may have contributed to Cho’s isolation. </p>
<p>For many, the burden of fulfilling the “American dream” can be immense, said Josephine Kim, a Harvard lecturer who specializes in mental health issues among Asian Americans. </p>
<p>She cited a study showing that 76 percent of Asian Americans treated in emergency rooms for attempted suicide cite intergenerational conflicts with their parents. </p>
<p>“The pressure is unreal. Korean parents view their children as extensions of themselves, so if the children fail, they fail,” she said. </p>
<p>John Lee, 22, a senior at George Mason University, said many of his Korean-American friends chafe under the pressure their parents place on them to get into a top-tier college. </p>
<p>“It’s noble that they came all the way over here for our sake, and I really do appreciate it, but sometimes I wish they understood better that it’s a different world — and we have different sets of values and goals,” he said. </p>
<p>It’s hard to see any similarity between Lee — outgoing, articulate and ambitious — and Cho, a loner with few friends. </p>
<p>But John’s father, Jonathan Lee, recalls a time when his son wasn’t so well-adjusted. He was distant during middle school, and his grades dropped. </p>
<p>A psychologist assured him his son was fine — and was only being teased at school. They eventually turned to a pastor for counseling. </p>
<p>Lee said he could’ve turned out angry like Cho, so he launched his own rampage, a “love rampage.” </p>
<p>“I made sure I gave everybody around me an extra dose of goodness,” he said. “There is too much hate in this world… and I wanted to spread a message of peace and love.”