I have never worked in investment banking. With a degree in mathematics from MIT I suppose that at some point in my life I could have applied, but it was never what interested me. I may be looking at this from a different perspective.
What I did in my life was to do what I thought was right, and just have faith that it would work out.
So, what is right for me, or what is right for you? If it were me then I would focus largely on learning. Your abilities can stand out. Without this, what do you have? For investment banking, I would expect that they care about math, and quantitative economics, and maybe (probably?) machine learning. Then there are relationships and looking properly professional and coming from the right schools, which was never what I was focused on (although I suppose I did attend well known universities).
I for example was a math major. There is a lot in math that the vast majority of people will just never get. If you can solve the equations and 99% of other people can’t, then you have an advantage that they cannot take away from you. Opinions may change over time. Math doesn’t. If you understand multivariate calculus (the easy stuff) and probability and statistics and linear algebra and linear programming (not the same thing) dynamic programming and stochastic processes and network algorithms well (and perhaps notice the overlap between dynamic programming and some networking algorithms and some decision algorithms), then there are things that you can do that someone else just can’t.
If I were going into this now I might look into machine learning. One issue with machine learning is that it sounds right pretty much all the time, but is not actually always right. Sometimes it is very, very good, and sometimes it is horrid. How do you verify that it is not messing up? I think that understanding how it actually works (I don’t) might be an example of a useful skill, but I also suspect that most people who use machine learning do not really understand what it is doing or how it works.
So if it were me the plan would be to focus on skills and understanding. This leads to the question: Where can you do this?
I doubt that there is any meaningful difference between UVA, U. Michigan, and UF in regard to learning math skills and algorithms and possibly econometrics or machine learning on an undergraduate level. For an undergraduate student, I am not convinced that there is much difference between what you can learn and Harvard versus UF, even if there is a difference on how some people might perceive a degree from these schools. I think that you can gain the skills at any of these schools, or at least get a very good start. These are all very good universities.
Also, there is enough to learn here that four years of undergrad might not be enough time to learn it all. Thinking about this I am beginning to wonder whether a one year master’s was long enough, and whether I actually should have gone ahead with a PhD (which I did seriously consider at one point).
Will everyone at UF pick this up? No, of course not. Not everyone at Stanford will pick this up. But I think that you can pick up a lot of this at the university that you will be attending in September.
Or at least that is my view.
Sometimes focusing on what you can do and the technology, rather than on something else, might take a while to work out. Over time you help other people and work with other people, and over time gradually there are more and more people who are aware what you can do. Some of them change jobs. Some of them get promoted. Some of them might leave the industry and do something completely different. Eventually one of them hires you, or puts in a good word for you. However, early in this process you might be helping some young kid who is still in university. 20 years later that same young kid might now be a hiring manager, and he or she might remember you.
I may be more focused on gaining useful skills, rather than getting into any particular field of work.
And perhaps we all have biases based on whatever we did in our lives, and whether this seemed to work out in the end.
In terms of getting into IB, that is my understanding also.